Part 1 (Decision Making and Situational Awareness) Chapter 4: Situational Awareness

Question 1

_____ and _____ fatigue are less than obvious impacts situational awareness

Answer 1

chronic and acute

Question 2

Another less than obvious impact on ones ability to pay attention is _____

Answer 2

Multitasking

Question 3

The lessons of situational awareness can be learned through understanding the science of decision making as well as through anecdotes from ______ experiences

Answer 3

lived

Question 4

In the quest to understand situational awareness on a deeper level, the found that the amount of scientific research conducted in public safety domains was woefully inadequate and the information that was out there was based on the individuals experiences or opinions.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

The information in chapter 4’s section (situational Awareness) is based on

Answer 5

the authors original research

Question 6

________ ________ means the researcher designs the project with the goal of discovering new information - something that has not been previously discovered

Answer 6

Original research

Question 7

The author found ___ different definitions of situational awareness. The definition that he believes fits best for public safety providers was created by researcher Dr. Mica Endsley.

Answer 7

7

Question 8

Dr. Mica Endsley, whose company SA Technologies (SA standing for _______) works extensively in the area of situational awareness research, design, training, and measurement. The company has completed extensive research in aviation, air traffic control, space exploration, maintenance, power systems, transportation, medicine, and the military

Answer 8

situational awareness

Question 9

“Being aware of what is happening around you and understanding what information means to you now and in the future” describes:

Answer 9

Situational awareness by Dr. Endsley

Question 10

Dr. Endsley populates the 3 levels of situational awareness which are

Answer 10

1) Perception Phase
2) Comprehension Phase
3) Projection Phase

Question 11

This phase is capturing the information about what is happening. You can think of it as “paying attention” and its the beginning of situational awareness formation.

Answer 11

Perception phase - Level 1 situational awareness

Question 12

The ____ level of situational awareness occurs when the decision maker captures the clues and cues in the current situation. ______ situational awareness is the key to a decision makers ability to conduct and effective size-up.

Answer 12

First, Level 1

Question 13

At this point, the decision maker takes the clues and cues captured, sorts them out, and makes sense of them. This is where the decision maker figures out what is going on - deriving meaning from the combined clues and cues. At this point, the decision maker _____ what is happening

Answer 13

Comprehension Phase - Level 2 situational awareness.

comprehends

Question 14

In this phase, decision makers make assumptions and predictions on what will happen next. This is considered the highest and most complex level of situational awareness - foretelling future events

Answer 14

Projection Phase - Level 3 situational awareness.

Question 15

developing and maintaining each level of situational awareness is not a one-time process; rather, it’s _____

Answer 15

continual

Question 16

_____ ____ is when stress causes time distortion. This can make it difficult for a decision maker to predict the future. This can also cause a inaccurate accounting of the passage of time. An example, you have a expectation in 10 minutes, 20 minutes pass by, but you feel like it has only been 5 minutes.

Answer 16

Temporal distortion

Question 17

All decision makers have one fallible trait they must reckon with. They are _______. Their brains have a limited capacity to capture and comprehend info. This has nothing to do with intelligence, it has to do with how their brains process information

Answer 17

humans

Question 18

The average person’s brain can capture, comprehend, and recall about ___ plus or minus ____ pieces of unrelated information

Answer 18

7, 2

Question 19

This is one of the most effective ways to improve a decision makers ability to develop, maintain, and regain situational awareness and to effectively apply the RPD making process. This is done through training and experience

Answer 19

Subject matter expertise

Question 20

Research suggests it takes, on average _____ years of regular and routine acquisition of knowledge and skill practice to develop expert level knowledge and performance if a student is in an environment of learning and/or practice two hours each day, five days a week.

Answer 20

10 years

Question 21

Decision makers acquire their expertise in a 4 step process of progression called

Answer 21

the progression of competency

Question 22

The 4 steps of the progression of competency are

Answer 22

• unconscious incompetence
• conscious incompetence
• conscious competency
• unconscious competency

Question 23

The first level of the competency progression is ____ ____. These people don’t know what they don’t know. The cliche “ignorance is bliss” applies here. They are unaware (_______) about how little they know (______). This is knowing nothing about a subject matter

Answer 23

unconscious incompetence

Question 24

The 2nd stage of the competency progression is ____ ____. At this stage, decision makers become aware of what they don’t know. People progress to this level by taking classes and responding to calls. They might say “ I saw it, but I didn’t know what it meant”

Answer 24

Conscious incompetence

Question 25

The 3rd stage is where you build a broader knowledge base and advance to the next level of competency development ___ ___. This happens after 3-5 years of experience. In this stage, decision makers are gaining (and displaying) confidence in their abilities. They are also competent decision makers. They are aware of how knowledgeable they have become.

Answer 25

conscious competency

Question 26

This is the highest level of competency. You have become so experienced, knowledgeable, and well practiced that knowing what to do in high stress/consequence situation seems to come naturally or automatically. This stage, a commander may show up on scene, conduct a size-up and intuitively know what things means and what needs to be done. An example is an experienced driver of a car

Answer 26

unconscious competence

Question 27

Studies suggest that the ________ in the brain is able to process information and alert you to dangerous situations before you are even consciously aware of the danger

Answer 27

subconscious

Question 28

The application of ____ development to driving may help explain why young drivers are prone to have so many accidents.

Answer 28

competency