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pharm mt2 > Parkinsons drugs > Flashcards

Parkinsons drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biological cause of Parkinsons?

A

Dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia

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2
Q

What is the drug class of Selegiline and rasagiline?

A

Neuroprotective therapy for parkinsons

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of selegiline and rasagiline?

A

Selective inhibitor of MAO(b) in CNS. Inhibits breakdown of dopamine.

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4
Q

Which drug is metabolized to amphetamine and methamphetamine leading to insomnia?

A

Selegiline

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5
Q

What drug is given with L-DOPA to get it into circulation?

A

Carbidopa

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbidopa?

A

Inhibits DOPA decarboxylase in the gut preventing L-DOPA metabolism in the gut

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7
Q

What is the drug class of Tolcapone and Entacapone?

A

COMT inhibitors (CAPONEs)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tolcapone and entacapone?

A

Prolong L-DOPA and DA activity in CNS by preventing breakdown. MUST BE USED WITH L-DOPA

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9
Q

What are the dopamine agonists?

A

Bromocryptine, pramipexole, and ropinirole

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10
Q

When are the dopamine agonists used?

A

Early in parkinsons

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11
Q

What are the anticholinergics used to treat parkinsons?

A

trihexyphenidyl and benztropine

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of trihexyphenidyl and benztropine?

A

Muscarinic blockers

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13
Q

What is the drug class of amantadine?

A

An antiviral agent that can increase release of stored DA from presynaptic sites

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amantadine?

A

Increases release of stored DA from presynaptic sites

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15
Q

What is the biological cause of Schizophrenia?

A

Abnormality in the DA system of the brain - too much produced or extrasensitive receptors

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16
Q

What is the high potency first generation antipsychotic drug?

A

Haloperidol

17
Q

What are the low potency first generation antipsychotic drugs?

A

(AZINEs) Thioridazine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine

18
Q

What are the atypical (newer) antipsychotics?

A

Aripiprazole, quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, iloperidone, paliperidone, lurasidone, ziprasodone, clozapine, loxapine, asenapine

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the antpsychotic drugs?

A

Inhibit dopaminergic neurons - primary mechanism.

20
Q

What is the biochemical basis of depression?

A

Depletion of CNS neurotransmitters (NE/5HT) [Amine hypothesis]

21
Q

What are the first generation antidepressant drugs?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and amitriptyline) (1 TRIcycle IMpressed AMY with all it’s side effects)

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of imipramine/amitriptyline?

A

Inhibit NE reuptake

23
Q

What are the side effects of imipramine/amitriptyline?

A

Can affect ACh, histamine neurons, sedation, anticholinergic effects (anti-muscarinic), blurred vision, dry mouth, cardiovascular effects (arrhythmias and decreased BP)

24
Q

What are the second generation antidepressant drugs?

A

Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Sertraline, Paroxetine (FLUzy CITy ESCorts had a SExy PARty)

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the second generation antidepressant drugs?

A

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

26
Q

What are the side effects of the SSRIs?

A

Nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, headache, decreased libido

27
Q

What are the third generation antidepressant drugs?

A

Venlafaxine, duloxetine

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the third generation antidepressant drugs?

A

Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

29
Q

What is the drug class of Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (which metabolizes NE and 5HT)

31
Q

What are the side effects of Tranylcypromine, phenelzine, and isocarboxazid?

A

Insomnia, agitation, hallucination, seizure, liver toxicity, weight gain, hypotension

32
Q

For what is Li+ used?

A

Prophylactic drug for treatment of Manic depression.

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Li+?

A

Unclear, may stabilize glutamate system.

34
Q

What are the side effects of Li+?

A

Low T.I. (<2) and Li+ retention is increased with diuretics

35
Q

What are the side effects of lithium?

A

Short term: tremors, increased thirst/urine output, edema, weight gain, nystagmis; Long term: kidney damage, hypothyroidism; Toxic levels: nausea, delirium, coma

pharm mt2 (4 decks)

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