Parkinsons

Question 1

Motor system disorder that involves loss of dopamine production in the brain

Answer 1

Parkinsons

Question 2

The following are mainfestations of what?

• Resting tremors
• Muscle rigidity
• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
• Loss of movement (akinesia)
• posture instability
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Shuffling gait
• Uncoordinated movements
• Widening gait
• Mask-like face
• Mood changes
• Cognitive issues
• Behavioral alterations
• Drooling
• dysphagia

Answer 2

Parkinsons

Question 3

4 cardinal signs of parkinsons

Answer 3

• Resting tremors
• Muscle rigidity
• Bradykinesia or Akinesia
• Posture instability

Question 4

A symptom of parkinson’s client’s may be unable to control their facial muscles making it hard to express themselves. Does not necessarily mean they are depressed, so ask questions to verify feelings.

Answer 4

Mask Like face

Question 5

How to dx parkinsons

Answer 5

Diagnosis is made when 2 or more cardinal symptoms with asymmetrical presentation is observed in the absence of other causes

Question 6

How to determine how far parkinsons has progressed

Answer 6

Amount of motor decline

Question 7

Medications to treat parkinsons

Answer 7

Anticholinergics
Dopamine receptor agonist

Question 8

Benztropine (Cogentin) is an example of what medication class

Answer 8

anticholinergics

Question 9

Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet) is an example of what medication class

Answer 9

Dopamine receptor agonists

Question 10

block the action of acetylcholine (dries things up)
Reduces tremors
Decreases drooling
S/E: confusion, memory impairment, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

Answer 10

anticholinergic

Question 11

First line treatment
S/E: N/V, urinary frequency, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, lower extremity edema, sleep attacks, poor impulse control (gambling and hypersexuality) is most effective in the treatment of bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity

Answer 11

Dopamine receptor agonist

Question 12

sx treatment for PD

Once proper probe placement is confirmed, a permanent lesion is established to destroy the tissue which will reduce tremors and rigidity

Answer 12

Stereotactic pallidotomy

Question 13

sx treatment for PD

regulates tremors and fine motor coordination

Answer 13

Deep brain stimulation

Question 14

Priority nursing assessment for PD

Answer 14

• Assess for the four cardinal signs/symptoms
• Assess gag reflex and swallowing ability
• Assess musculoskeletal system - Mobility, gait, weakness/fatigue - Ability to complete adls
• Assess bowel and bladder function

Question 15

Nursing dx for PD

Answer 15

• Risk for falls
• Risk for constipation
• Risk for impaired skin integrity
• Risk for impaired tissue perfusion r/t immobility
• Powerlessness

Question 16

Priority nursing interventions for PD

Answer 16

Administer medications as prescribed
Implement safety precautions
Facilitate nutritional intake
Elevate HOB
Suction equipment at bedside
Encourage patients to participate in self-care activities
Facilitate interprofessional collaboration
Communication strategies

Question 17

First line medications used to treat PD

beta receptor agonist

Answer 17

Mirapex, requip

Question 18

Medications used for later progression of PD…why?

Answer 18

Carvidopa/levidopa
Because the longer it’s used the less effective it is. So prescribing it is prolonged.

Question 19

Clinical manifestations of PD

Answer 19

• Resting tremors**
• Muscle rigidity**
• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)**
• Loss of movement (akinesia)**
• posture instability**
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Shuffling gait
• Uncoordinated movements
• Widening gait
• Mask-like face
• Mood changes
• Cognitive issues
• Behavioral alterations
• Drooling
• dysphagia

Question 20

Describe Parkinsons Disease

Answer 20

Motor system disorder that involves loss of dopamine production in the brain