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BPT Neurology > Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for parkinson’s disease?

A 
age > 60
male
genetics
heavy metal exposure
pesticides
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2
Q

What medication is the gold standard for control of motor symptoms?

A

levodopa

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3
Q

What medication has the highest risk of motor complications?

A

levodopa

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4
Q

What is the recommended treatment for patients with mild symptoms who desire treatment?

A

MAO inhibitiros

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5
Q

What are the most common side effects of MAO inhibitors?

A

nausea and headache

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amantadine?

A

unclear

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7
Q

What are the commonest side effects of amantadine?

A

livedo reticularis
confusion
nightmares

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8
Q

What parkinsons medication should be used in patient’s who are nil by mouth?

A

rotigotine patch

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome?

A

anxiety, panic attacks, depression, drug craving, fatigue, dizziness

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10
Q

What is the most common side effect of levodopa?

A

nausea

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11
Q

What is punding?

A

repetitive, purposeless, stereotyped behaviours such as sorting - can occur in parkinson’s patients on levodopa

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of dyskinesia?

A

progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia which store dopamine

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13
Q

What patient would be a candidate for DBS?

A 
parkinsons for > 5 years
response to dopaminergic therapy
presence of on-off fluctuations
age < 70
severe dyskinesias
tremor than cannot be controlled with medication alone
reasonable cognitive function
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14
Q

Where are probes placed for DBS?

A

subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus

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15
Q

What are the complications of DBS?

A

neuropsychiatric (suicide)
surgical complications
behavioural issues
mechanical malfunction

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16
Q

What are the contraindications for DBS?

A

dementia
active psychiatric disorders
levodopa-resistant motor symptoms
structural abnormalities of brain

17
Q

What is duodopa?

A

a continuous levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel infusion

18
Q

What is the benefit of duodopa?

A

decrease in off times, increased on time, less dyskinesias

19
Q

Which patients may benefit from an apomorphine pump?

A

patients who are experiencing freezing episodes

20
Q

What is the most common cause of drug induced parkinsonism?

A

typical antipsychotics

21
Q

Does medical treatment alter mortality in parkinson’s disease?

A

no

22
Q

What are predictors of a more benign course of parkinsons?

A

earlier age of onset
female sex
tremor predominant

23
Q

What are predictors of a more rapid course of parkinsons?

A 
late onset
male sex
gait and balance issues
bradykinesia as an initial symptom
dementia
poor response to levodopa

BPT Neurology (11 decks)

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