Parkinson

Question 1

prevalence and incidence

Answer 1

prev: 1/800
inc: 1/8000

Question 2

risk factors

Answer 2

smoking, age, drinking, coffee, injury, pesticides

Question 3

clues

Answer 3

stiffness, difficulty walking, depressed, sleeping, dizziness

Question 4

parkinson is defined by three main things, which ones?

Answer 4

bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor

Question 5

what is gone with PD?

Answer 5

Substantia nigra

Question 6

which factors are also affected in PD

Answer 6

noradrenaline, serotonine, acetylcholone

Question 7

also neuropsychiatric dysfunction in PD, which forms

Answer 7

depression, anxiety, dementia, psychosis, OCD

Question 8

early signs PD

Answer 8

depression, bradykinesia, tremor

Question 9

late signs PD

Answer 9

psychosis, dysphagia

Question 10

treatment PD

Answer 10

dopamergic: MAO-inhibitor (dopamine agonist) –> psychosis

Question 11

pathophysiology

Answer 11

degeneration of catecholaminergic neurons, also the nigostrial pathway is fucked up

Question 12

therapy is attempt to mimic …?

Answer 12

dopamine

Question 13

There are 3 hypothesisis for neuroprotective treatment:

Answer 13

1. protein-aggregation
2. oxidative stress
3. mitochondrial dyfunction

Question 14

protein-aggregation hypothesis

Answer 14

alpha-synuclein mutation -> autosomal dominant PD

• explains non-motor symptoms
• starts in brain stem and spread through brain like infection

Question 15

Oxidative stress hypothesis

Answer 15

dopamine oxidized –> dopmine related quinones –> neuromelanin production, with PD brain can not compensate for OS.

damage in substantial nigra

Question 16

mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis

Answer 16

Mpp+ is taken up and block etc in mitochondria (no respiration, agonist agent, depleting ATP) = dying of substantial nigra

Question 17

pathogenic factors PD

Answer 17

• lack GF
• inflammation
• oxidative stress
• excitotoxicity

Question 18

interactions in PD

Answer 18

bradykinesia - Gait - shopping - walking distance - fear of falling