Multiple sclerose Flashcards
MS is a disorder of the …
brain and spinal cord, axons are exposed due to demyelination
symptoms MS
- optic neuritis
- lhermitte’s syndrome
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- loss of motor function
- bladder dysfunction
- fatigue
diagnosis done through:
symptoms, MRI and CBF
PPMS
primary progressive MS, older people, only 10-15% of MS patients
Kaplan Meier severity MS
DSS4: walking problems
DSS6: aid for walking
DSS7: weelchair
DSS10: dies
What is driving MS in secondary progressive stage?
The degeneration
Risk factors MS
EBV, parisites, nutrition, climate, UV, microbiota
Treatments MS (4)
interferon-beta, nataluzimab, alemtuzumab, aHSCT
interferon-beta treatment info
effective in relapsing-remitting ms, subcutaneous injected, only slows down disease
nataluzimab treatment info
shuts down IS in brain, blocking B&T cells from entering CNS, reduces relapse by 68%
alemtuzumab treatment info
moloclonal antibody, binds CD52 receptor, depletes and repopulates T&B cells
aHSCT treatment info
means: autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (promising new method).
Pathogenenisis MS
MHII presents myelin like antigen by DC to CD4+/ CD8+ T-cells –> production neurotoxic molecules –> phagocytocis of myelin leads to irreversible axonal damage
outside in
IS to brain
inside out
brain to IS
BBB consists of
endothelial cells, astrocyte, pericytes
Functions and location of astrocytes
function: protect brain against pathogens, chemicals, poison.
location: have their end-feet on vessels (can decide tight or less tight).
origin astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
neuroectodermal
origin microglial cells
medodermal
fibrous astrocytes are present in….
more prevalent in white matter among nerve fibers
protoplasmic astrocytes are more present in…
grey matter around neuronal tissue
function of astrocytes
structural support, neurotransmitter homeostasis (glutamate uptake & release), part of BBB, phagocytosis.
function microglia
represent IS of brain, phagocytic, neuroprotective actions, neurotrophic factors and also production of cytokines, chemokines and oxygen radicals
Theiler Virus does what
immitates MS in mice
treatment on MS is now focused on ….
outside in
