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Fundamentals 2 > Parisitology > Flashcards

Parisitology Flashcards

1
Q

Other Diagnostic Methods

A

serology, tissue biopsy, blood smears, molecular testing

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2
Q

serology

A

not diagnostic, limited use in patients from endemic areas (for travel and return)

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3
Q

blood smears

A

malaria

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4
Q

molecular testing

A

try to choose cheaper option (better for research purposes)

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5
Q

T. cruzi

A

hemoflagellate, late disease presents with cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, death, megacolon, megasophagus

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6
Q

chagas’ disease

A

t. cruzi

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7
Q

sporozoans don’t

A

have organs of motility (t. cruzi is a FLAGELLATE)

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8
Q

definitie host

A

host in which reproduction (not necessarily sexual) occurs

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9
Q

vectors can also be

A

an intermediate host

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10
Q

intermediate hosts

A

there can be more than one

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11
Q

trypomastigote

A

human, infective, blood form, c for cruzi

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12
Q

amastigote

A

human, tissue form, binary fission, most commonly seen

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13
Q

epimastogote

A

bug, binary fission, intermediate host

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14
Q

t. cruzi definitive host

A

humans

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15
Q

triatomine bug

A

poops on you, kissing bug, t. cruzi, can get crushed up and ground in food

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16
Q

romana’s sign

A

t. cruzi, chagas’, gets face

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17
Q

why do we in america do not get t. cruzi

A

because we don’t live in mud houses, etc. (worse in Mexico) – problem in blood donations (seroprevalence >70%)

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18
Q

t. cruzi blood problem

A

can reactivate in heart transplants

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19
Q

acute phase t. cruzi; chronic

A

12-30 micrometers; +/- biopsy

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20
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

neg for bacterial/viral infection, AIDS patient, headache, low WBC, “ring enhancing lesions”

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21
Q

t. gondii

A

sporozoan (does not move around), acute disease,

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22
Q

AIDS patient with headache

A

t. gondii

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23
Q

acute disease t. gondii

A

fevers, chills, headache, myalgia, lymphadenitis, fatigue

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24
Q

congenital t. gondii

A

1st trimester infection leads to spontaneous abortion, late infection leads to epilepsy, encephalitis, microcephaly, intra cranial calcifications, hydrocephalus, retardation

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25
reactivation t. gondii
HIV patients, encephalopathy, meningoencephalopathy, cerebral mass lesions - multifocal
26
t. gondii association with schiz, parkinsons, alzheimers
uhh, maybe, i guess
27
cats
eats animal that ate fecal ooctyes, definitive host, t. gondii
28
cat prey
eat fecal oocytes from the cat, intermediate host, t. gondii
29
how we get t. gondii
eating animals with oocytes, consumption of unclean water, blood transfusion, maternal sources
30
cysts t. gondii
full of bradyzoites
31
oocysts, t.gondii
full of sporozites
32
tachyzoites
in humans, t. gondii, we are intermediate hosts and dead end hosts
33
reactivation of t. gondii
AIDS, ruptured brain cells, brady --> tachy
34
congenital t. gondii
problem when infection happens during pregnancy, trahyzoites cross placenta
35
main differential in AIDS and t. gondii
CNS lymphoma
36
serology in new borns t. gondii
iga and igm
37
oocytes in humans?
nope in cat
38
swollen legs
lymphatic filariasis
39
lymphatic filaris
elephantitis, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi
40
w. bancrofti, b. malayi
mosquito introduces 3rd stage filarial larvae onto huma skin, develop into adults that live in lymphatics, adults produce microfilariae
41
in general, helminths
have to get out of the human to mature into adults ( like sea turtles they must leave their place of birth to grow!)
42
w. bancrofti, b. malayi microfilariae
sheathed, nocturnal periodicity
43
when mosquitos ingest microfilariae
they lose sheaths, migrate to insect thoracic muscles, and ultimately develop into 3rd stage larvae (proboscis)
44
b. malayi is restricted to
resitricted, Asia and Indonesia, intermediate host as mansonia and aedes mosquitos
45
resevoir for b. malayi?
macaques, leaf monkeys, cats
46
reservoir for w. bancrofti
none known
47
w. bancrofti area
responsible for most of infections, many more mosquito types, near the equator (like everywhere)
48
b. malayi is comparatively
smaller than w. bancrofti
49
looks like gallstone
is fasciola hepatica, sheep liver fluke
50
trematoes
have leafy shape
51
f. hepatica life cycle
sheep, water (WATERCRESS OH NO) | , plant, sheep
52
humans are not the dead end host in
f. hepatica
53
snail intermediate host
f. hepatica
54
f. hepatica chronic infection
become adult flukes in the bile duct and produce eggs that enter the feces, can be asymptomatic, can cause liver obstruction (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis)
55
ectoparasites
lice, bedbug, scabies, mite
56
endoparasites
single celled protozoa and multicellular helminths, many have free living non parasitic relatives
57
parasites
are eukaryotes that usually have complex life cycles
58
pathogenesis of parasites
depends on dose, mode of acquisition, passage and target organ, ability to evade host immune defenses, and host response to various stages of the paratsite
59
infectious dose
one large bolus is equivalent to several small additives over time
60
host response to the parasite
anaphylactic, toxic, cell mediated, or cytotoxic
61
most parasites are transferred via
fecal-oral routes
62
facultative parasite
can survive outside a host (acanthamoeba)
63
obligate parasite
most common, cannot survive without a host
64
reservoir host
harbor pathogen without showing ill effects
65
what type of host does every parasite not have
intermediate host
66
vector
arthropod that transmits infection, can also be intermediate host
67
public heath cares about
the vector AND the reservoir
68
watery diarrhea, camping
giardia (cyst stage)
69
stool culture usually checks for
shigella, salmonella, and campylobacteria
70
giardia
protozoa
71
protozoa can be found
extracellularly (blood - filariasis, intestine, urogenital system - schistosome) and intracellularly (tissue macrophages (leishmania), or RBCs (plasmodium))
72
differentiation of protozoa
size, nucleus (clumped, karyosome), cytoplasm appearance
73
size of protozoa
single celled eukaryotes, 2-100 micrometers
74
stool samples
at least 2
75
medications that interfere with stool samples
anti diarrheal,
76
how to collect stool
use wide mouthed container
77
seizures
neurocystericosis, cysts in the brain taenia solium
78
taenia solium (get it from)
eating undercooked pork (t. saginata from beef)
79
poglottoid
tape worm segment,

Fundamentals 2 (7 decks)

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