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Fundamentals 2 > Parisitology > Flashcards

Parisitology Flashcards

1
Q

Other Diagnostic Methods

A

serology, tissue biopsy, blood smears, molecular testing

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2
Q

serology

A

not diagnostic, limited use in patients from endemic areas (for travel and return)

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3
Q

blood smears

A

malaria

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4
Q

molecular testing

A

try to choose cheaper option (better for research purposes)

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5
Q

T. cruzi

A

hemoflagellate, late disease presents with cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, death, megacolon, megasophagus

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6
Q

chagas’ disease

A

t. cruzi

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7
Q

sporozoans don’t

A

have organs of motility (t. cruzi is a FLAGELLATE)

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8
Q

definitie host

A

host in which reproduction (not necessarily sexual) occurs

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9
Q

vectors can also be

A

an intermediate host

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10
Q

intermediate hosts

A

there can be more than one

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11
Q

trypomastigote

A

human, infective, blood form, c for cruzi

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12
Q

amastigote

A

human, tissue form, binary fission, most commonly seen

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13
Q

epimastogote

A

bug, binary fission, intermediate host

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14
Q

t. cruzi definitive host

A

humans

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15
Q

triatomine bug

A

poops on you, kissing bug, t. cruzi, can get crushed up and ground in food

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16
Q

romana’s sign

A

t. cruzi, chagas’, gets face

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17
Q

why do we in america do not get t. cruzi

A

because we don’t live in mud houses, etc. (worse in Mexico) – problem in blood donations (seroprevalence >70%)

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18
Q

t. cruzi blood problem

A

can reactivate in heart transplants

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19
Q

acute phase t. cruzi; chronic

A

12-30 micrometers; +/- biopsy

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20
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

neg for bacterial/viral infection, AIDS patient, headache, low WBC, “ring enhancing lesions”

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21
Q

t. gondii

A

sporozoan (does not move around), acute disease,

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22
Q

AIDS patient with headache

A

t. gondii

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23
Q

acute disease t. gondii

A

fevers, chills, headache, myalgia, lymphadenitis, fatigue

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24
Q

congenital t. gondii

A

1st trimester infection leads to spontaneous abortion, late infection leads to epilepsy, encephalitis, microcephaly, intra cranial calcifications, hydrocephalus, retardation

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25
Q

reactivation t. gondii

A

HIV patients, encephalopathy, meningoencephalopathy, cerebral mass lesions - multifocal

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26
Q

t. gondii association with schiz, parkinsons, alzheimers

A

uhh, maybe, i guess

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27
Q

cats

A

eats animal that ate fecal ooctyes, definitive host, t. gondii

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28
Q

cat prey

A

eat fecal oocytes from the cat, intermediate host, t. gondii

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29
Q

how we get t. gondii

A

eating animals with oocytes, consumption of unclean water, blood transfusion, maternal sources

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30
Q

cysts t. gondii

A

full of bradyzoites

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31
Q

oocysts, t.gondii

A

full of sporozites

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32
Q

tachyzoites

A

in humans, t. gondii, we are intermediate hosts and dead end hosts

33
Q

reactivation of t. gondii

A

AIDS, ruptured brain cells, brady –> tachy

34
Q

congenital t. gondii

A

problem when infection happens during pregnancy, trahyzoites cross placenta

35
Q

main differential in AIDS and t. gondii

A

CNS lymphoma

36
Q

serology in new borns t. gondii

A

iga and igm

37
Q

oocytes in humans?

A

nope in cat

38
Q

swollen legs

A

lymphatic filariasis

39
Q

lymphatic filaris

A

elephantitis, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi

40
Q

w. bancrofti, b. malayi

A

mosquito introduces 3rd stage filarial larvae onto huma skin, develop into adults that live in lymphatics, adults produce microfilariae

41
Q

in general, helminths

A

have to get out of the human to mature into adults ( like sea turtles they must leave their place of birth to grow!)

42
Q

w. bancrofti, b. malayi microfilariae

A

sheathed, nocturnal periodicity

43
Q

when mosquitos ingest microfilariae

A

they lose sheaths, migrate to insect thoracic muscles, and ultimately develop into 3rd stage larvae (proboscis)

44
Q

b. malayi is restricted to

A

resitricted, Asia and Indonesia, intermediate host as mansonia and aedes mosquitos

45
Q

resevoir for b. malayi?

A

macaques, leaf monkeys, cats

46
Q

reservoir for w. bancrofti

A

none known

47
Q

w. bancrofti area

A

responsible for most of infections, many more mosquito types, near the equator (like everywhere)

48
Q

b. malayi is comparatively

A

smaller than w. bancrofti

49
Q

looks like gallstone

A

is fasciola hepatica, sheep liver fluke

50
Q

trematoes

A

have leafy shape

51
Q

f. hepatica life cycle

A

sheep, water (WATERCRESS OH NO)

, plant, sheep

52
Q

humans are not the dead end host in

A

f. hepatica

53
Q

snail intermediate host

A

f. hepatica

54
Q

f. hepatica chronic infection

A

become adult flukes in the bile duct and produce eggs that enter the feces, can be asymptomatic, can cause liver obstruction (cholecystitis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis)

55
Q

ectoparasites

A

lice, bedbug, scabies, mite

56
Q

endoparasites

A

single celled protozoa and multicellular helminths, many have free living non parasitic relatives

57
Q

parasites

A

are eukaryotes that usually have complex life cycles

58
Q

pathogenesis of parasites

A

depends on dose, mode of acquisition, passage and target organ, ability to evade host immune defenses, and host response to various stages of the paratsite

59
Q

infectious dose

A

one large bolus is equivalent to several small additives over time

60
Q

host response to the parasite

A

anaphylactic, toxic, cell mediated, or cytotoxic

61
Q

most parasites are transferred via

A

fecal-oral routes

62
Q

facultative parasite

A

can survive outside a host (acanthamoeba)

63
Q

obligate parasite

A

most common, cannot survive without a host

64
Q

reservoir host

A

harbor pathogen without showing ill effects

65
Q

what type of host does every parasite not have

A

intermediate host

66
Q

vector

A

arthropod that transmits infection, can also be intermediate host

67
Q

public heath cares about

A

the vector AND the reservoir

68
Q

watery diarrhea, camping

A

giardia (cyst stage)

69
Q

stool culture usually checks for

A

shigella, salmonella, and campylobacteria

70
Q

giardia

A

protozoa

71
Q

protozoa can be found

A

extracellularly (blood - filariasis, intestine, urogenital system - schistosome) and intracellularly (tissue macrophages (leishmania), or RBCs (plasmodium))

72
Q

differentiation of protozoa

A

size, nucleus (clumped, karyosome), cytoplasm appearance

73
Q

size of protozoa

A

single celled eukaryotes, 2-100 micrometers

74
Q

stool samples

A

at least 2

75
Q

medications that interfere with stool samples

A

anti diarrheal,

76
Q

how to collect stool

A

use wide mouthed container

77
Q

seizures

A

neurocystericosis, cysts in the brain taenia solium

78
Q

taenia solium (get it from)

A

eating undercooked pork (t. saginata from beef)

79
Q

poglottoid

A

tape worm segment,

Fundamentals 2 (7 decks)

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