Parietal Lobes Flashcards by Blaire Cardemway

Patient HP

Trouble with:
Simple subtraction
Reaching Objects
Left vs RIght
Words appeared backwards or upside down
("Where" problem) Tumour in left parietal lobe

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Parietal Cortex

Involved in where something is in the environment

Spatial awareness of actual or imaginary

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Parietal Lobes

Main Functions:
Process and integrate somatosensory info
(Touch, pressure or temperature)

Process and integrate visual information

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Somatosensory System

Receptors that collect info and process to produce experience of touch, temperature, proprioception (body position), an nociception (pain)

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Anatomical Borders of Parietal Lobes

Anterior Border
Ventral Border
Dorsal Border
Posterior Border

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Anterior Border

Front of the brain

Marked by Central Fissure

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Ventral Border

Marked by the Lateral Fissure

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Dorsal Border

Cingulate Gyrus(or cortex)
Involved in mindfulness
Contains Corpus Callosum which connects left and right hemispheres

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Posterior Border

Marked by the Parieto-occipital Sulcus

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Post Central Gyrus

Tissue of parietal lobe directly after the central fissure

Important for somatosensory processing

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Inferior Parietal Lobe

Multimodal associative area that receieves auditory visual and somatosensory inputs
Basically everywhere else of the parietal lobe other than the postcentral gyrus
Connected to to parietal cortex, Temporal cortex and occipital cortex
Last area to mature and complex(explains why kids don’t read and write until later)

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Angular Gyrus

In the inferior parietal lobe
More posterior
Understanding the meaning of written language more involved in visual processing
Shifting attention around with occipital lobe

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Supramarginal gyrus

In the inferior parietal lobe
More frontal location
Important in language processing and perception and more involved in auditory processes

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Superior Temporal Gyrus (Cortex)

Near the Superior Temporal Sulcus

Wernicke’s Area is located near here

Delivers information to the Supramarginal gyrus and Angular Gyrus in the inferior parietal lobe

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Brodmann’s Cytoarchitectonic Regions

Brain Map organization based on how neurons look and labelled by numbers

Divided into Anterior Zone
(Postcentral Gyrus with areas 1,2,3 and 43 involved with somatosensory) and Posterior Zone (Everywhere else in Inferior Parietal Lobe) WHere/How Pathway

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von Economo’s Cytoarchitectonic Regions

Brain Map Organization with post parietal areas:
PE, PF, PG
Done in Macaques and extrapolated to humans

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Somatotopic Organization

Maps the rest of the body with the brain
Sensory Homunculus
Cortical Space area corresponding to body part determines somato-sensitivity

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Connected to:
Somatosensory Cortex
Motor Cortex
PF
Function:
Somatosensory
Some role in Guiding movement via limb position

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Connected to:
Somatosensory Cortex
Motor and PreMotor Cortex
PG
Function:
Mirror Neuron System
(Match and connect to other people actions and theory of mind)

Connected to: (BASICALLY EVERYTHING)
Visual, Somesthetic, proprioceptive, auditory, vestibular, oculomotor, Cingulate Connection  
Plus more
Function:
Dorsal Stream
Parieto-temporo-occipital crossroad

Other Parietal Lobe Connections and function

Close Relation between posterior parietal connections and prefrontal cortex
connections to the limbic system

Function in memory and spatial navigation and behaviour

Parieto-Premotor Pathway

Where or How Pathway

Parieto-Prefrontal Pathway

Working Memory

Parieto-Medial Temporal

Spatial Navigation

Parietal Lobe Function Theory

Anterior zones --> Somatic Sensations/Perception | Posterior zones --> integrate vision with multimodal info

Spatial Visual Information Processing of Parietal Lobe

Viewer Centered Object identification | Parietal (Where) and Temporal (What) cortex work together to identify

Object Recognition of Parietal Cortex

Determines Object Orientation and motion relative to viewer for the Temporal Cortex to visually process Done in the Posterior parietal cortex

Movement Guidance of Parietal Cortex

Sensitive to eye movements | Done in the Posterior Parietal cortex

Other Aspects of Parietal Function

Reading: Movement of the eyes along a page, the words aren't moving but you read across the page) Language: Words have spatial organization (ie: tap vs pat, my son's wife vs my wife's son) Movement Sequencing: Individual movement like in writing

Parietal Lobe Lesions

Damage in the postcentral Gyrus

Afferent Paresis

Clumsy Finger movement due to lack of feedback about finger position Deficit in stereognosis or tactile Perception High sensory thresholds: can't identify a feather touching them due to low pressure on area

Somatic Perceptual Disorders

Astereognosis Simultaneous Extinction Asomatognosia

Astereognosis

Inability to recognize an object by touch Can't identify different shapes with only tactile perception

Simultaneous Extinction

Inability to perceive multiple stimuli of the same type simultaneously ei 2 coins --> only sees one on right visual field 1 coin and one key --> sees both in both vision fields

Asomatognosia

Loss of knowledge about one's body or body condition ``` Several Varieties: Anosognosia Anosodiaphoria Asymbolia for pain Finger Agnosia ```

Anonsognosia

Unawareness or denial of illness

Anosodiaphoria

Indifference to illness | Aware but don't care

Asymbolia for pain

Absence of normal reaction to pain

Finger Agnosia

Can't point fingers or show them Maybe be connected to spatial organization of parietal cortex Maybe connected to Dyscalculia appear often

Balint's Syndrome

Bilateral parietal lesion Can move eyes but cannot fixate Simultagnosia Optic Ataxia: Difficulty reaching under visual guidance

Contralateral Neglect ( usually Right Parietal Lesion)

Neglect for visual, auditory and somesthetic stimulation on one side of the body, (usually opposite side) Attentional Issue During recovery: Allesthesia --> Begin to respond to the neglected side Simultaneous Extinction

Object Recognition with Parietal Lobe Damage

Poor Recognition of same objects in unfamilliar views, ex: top down of a bucket vs side view

Tactile Form Recognition Tests

Matching Shapes into shape holes

Test for Contralateral Neglect

Bisect a line | affected patients are off center

Test for visual perception

Mooney Closure Face Test | Tests for both Parietal or Temporal visual perception on ambiguous images

Apraxia Tests

Movement Disorder Kimura Box Test following a series of sequence of movement tasks Can't copy body movement? --> ideomotor apraxia Can't organize spatial movements like puzzles? constructional apraxia