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Psych 2NF3 > Occipital Cortex > Flashcards

Occipital Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Vision

A

Series of action potential (processing via electrical signals)
Retina–>Optic Nerve-> Optic chiasm–>Optic Tract–> Lateral geniculate body (LGB in thalamus)–> Optic radiation –> Primary Visual cortex (first point where visual info is processed)

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2
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

V1->V5 increases acuity of visual info ei light vs dark to finer details

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3
Q

Calcarine Sulcus

A

Divides the crude visual info from V1 into upper and lower halves in the Occipital Cortex
(Sulcus are cracks in the brain)

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4
Q

Lingual Gyrus

A

Visual cortical region of V2 and Ventral Posterior area

Gyrus are bumps in the brain folds

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5
Q

Fusiform Gyrus

A

V4 Complex processing near the temporal lobe (hearing and vision) aiding with processing

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6
Q

Human Cortex

A

6 layers of cells

V1 could have more than 6

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7
Q

V1

A

First cortical area involved in visual processing
Relays visual input from LGN to the extrastriate cortex for higher-order processing (ei shape motion and colour)
Laminar (dark then light repeat) organization (striated)
Heterogeneous with more than 1 distinct function with the function preserved in V2

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8
Q

Striated Cortex (V1 and V2)

A

Thin Stripe = color perception
Thick Stripes = form and motion
Blobs = metabolically active and sensitive to colour
Interblobs = sensitive to orientation

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9
Q

V4

A

Colour vision and facial recognition movement depth and position

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10
Q

Connections of the visual cortex

A

V1 inputs from LGN to upper levels
V2 further outputs to other levels
Other outer outputs include:
Parietal lobe -> Dorsal Stream

Superior Temporal Sulcus -> STS stream

Inferior Temporal Lobe -> Ventral Stream

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11
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Parietal Lobe
Visual Guidance of Movement
“the where”

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12
Q

Ventral Stream

A

Temporal inferior
Object Perception
the What

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13
Q

Superior Temporal Sulcus

A

Combination of visuospatial function

Social Perception and Cognition
Language, voices, faces, biological motion, theory of mind

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14
Q

Occipital Lobe Function Movement

A

Blobs(V1) –> V4 (Colour)
Interblobs(V1) –> V5 (Motion)
V1+V2 –> V3 (Shape of objects in motion)

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15
Q

Damage to Occipital Lobe

A

Legions in specific areas of the Occipital lobe up the different hierarchy produce different visual deficits

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16
Q

Visual Function beyond Occipital Lobe

A

55% of the total cortex of the brain is visually related

present in temporal, parietal and frontal lobes

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17
Q

5 Categories for Vision

A
  1. Vision for Action
  2. Action for Vision
  3. Recognition
  4. Space
  5. How not to get overwhelmed
18
Q
  1. Vision for Action
A 
Parietal Visual Areas in the Dorsal Stream
Reactionary Vision
Ducking
Catching
BOTTOM UP or Reaction
19
Q
  1. Action for Vision
A 
Attentive vision
Visual scanning
Eye Movement and Selective Attention
TOP-DOWN or cognitive Processing
Agnosic Subject have random scanning of eye movement
20
Q
  1. Visual Recognition
A

Temporal Lobes
Inferior temporal cortext
“what pathways” Object Recognition

21
Q
  1. Visual Space
A 
Parietal Lobes
Spatial location ('where" pathways)
Egocentric space (location of object to self)
Allocentric space (location of objects to each other)
22
Q
  1. Visual Attention
A

Paying attention to certain info and filtering nonessential info
Prevents getting overwhelming of cognitive capacity

23
Q

Milner-Goodale Model

A

2 Visual Streams (dorsal and ventral) allow for consistency even when visual stimuli is changing

24
Q

Monocular Blindness

A

Loss of Sight in 1 eye

Due to optic chiasm legion

25
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia

A

Partial loss of vision in both temporal (peripheral vision) fields.
Usually damages to a tumor in the pituitary gland that puts pressure on the optic chiasm.

26
Q

Right/Left Nasal Hemianopia

A

Caused by a lesion in the lateral chiasm leading to the partial loss of vision in one nasal field.

27
Q

Homonymous hemianopia

A

The blindness of one the visual field due to damage in the optic tract, LGN or V1

28
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

Loss of vision in 1/4 of the visual field, due to cortex lesions near the calcarine sulcus

29
Q

Macular sparing

A

part of visual field spared from damage

legion spares the central part as there might be an increased vascular supply to prevent entire lost

30
Q

Patient BK

A

Right infarct in occipital lobe -> Quandrantanopia
Experienced Blindsight
could perceive prior location once the light moved into a functioning quandrant

31
Q

Patient DB

A

MRI showing inflamed blood vessels (angioma) in Right Calcarine Fissure
Symptoms of Hemianopia and cortical blindness

32
Q

Patient LM

A

Vascular abnormality caused by damage in V5

Symptoms include the inability to intercept moving objects –> loss of movement vision

33
Q

Patient VK

A

Bilateral hemorrhage in occipitoparietal region
Symptom include optic ataxia
the deficit in visually guided hand movements

34
Q

Patient D

A

Right occipitotemporal lesion

Prosopagnosia: Deficit in facial recognition

35
Q

Patient T

A

Left occipitotemporal lesion

symptoms include alexia( inability to read words )

36
Q

Apperceptive Object Agnosia

A

Unable to recognize/copy/match shapes

Gross Bilateral damage to occipital cortex

37
Q

Associative Object Agnosia

A

Can perceive objects but cannot identify them

caused by legions to anterior temporal lobes

38
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Facial agnosia

Bilateral damage to temporal cortex

39
Q

Alexia

A

Dyslexia

Damage to left ( Left for language) fusiform and lingual areas

40
Q

Visuospatial Agnosia

A

Topographic Disorientation

Damage to occipitotemporal regions and medial fusiform and lingual areas

Psych 2NF3 (6 decks)

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