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PSYO2090 - Midterm #1 - Developmental Psych > ~Parenting Styles > Flashcards

~Parenting Styles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of a two-person dyad relationship in a family?

A

The relationship between one caregiver and the child, and the other caregiver and the child

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2
Q

What problem can occur between parents that can cause tension throughout the entire family?

A

Strong disagreement on parenting style, the rules they want to set, and the expectations they have of their child

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3
Q

The family is a ___ & ___ system of interconnected parts

A

dynamic // holistic

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4
Q

What type of caregiving is best for a child

A

Caregiving that is responsive to the child’s needs and developmental level. “Goodness of Fit”

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5
Q

What is Demandingness/Control?

A

Setting rules, stating expectations clearly, and supervising child to ensure both are being met

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6
Q

What is Acceptance/Responsiveness?

A

Showing warmth and affection; being responsive to the child’s needs, wants, concerns, and being willing to listen

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7
Q

In a Western context, you tend to see that parents who are low in ___, also are frequently ones who are lower in ___

A

responsiveness // acceptance, affection and warmth

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8
Q

In the context of Parenting Styles and Parenting Dimensions, is being controlling a bad thing?

A

No. In this context, the control that we’re talking about is what would often be characterized as behavioural control

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9
Q

What is Behavioural Control?

A

Regulating child’s conduct through rules, setting expectations, firm (but reasonable) discipline, & monitoring

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10
Q

Being high in ___ Control tends to be associated with a number of positive developmental outcomes

A

Behavioural

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11
Q

What is Psychological Control?

A

Attempts to control a child’s behaviour through withholding affection; inducing shame/guilt

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12
Q

What is Uninvolved/Neglectful Parenting?

A

They are checked out of their child’s life. In some cases, this can be willful neglect or willful rejection of their parenting role. In others, it can be the consequence of the parent being overwhelmed by barriers that prevent them from being a good parent

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Uninvolved/Neglectful Parenting?

A

Low Demandingness/Control & Low Acceptance/Responsiveness

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14
Q

What is Permissive Parenting?

A

Permissive parents will let their kids do whatever, they can try whatever they’d like, they often give the child whatever they want, and don’t set a lot of rules

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Permissive Parenting?

A

Low Demandingness/Control & High Acceptance/Responsiveness

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16
Q

What is Authoritarian Parenting?

A

Authoritarian Parents are not openly warm or affectionate, set strict rules and expectations, and don’t want to hear their child’s arguments on their opinions on rules and boundaries

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Authoritarian Parenting?

A

High Demandingness/Control & Low Acceptance/Responsiveness

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18
Q

What is Authoritative Parenting?

A

Authoritative Parents give kids rules, expectations, guidelines, are responsive to their child’s current ability and their readiness for independence, are warm and affectionate, and are willing to listen to their child if they don’t like a rule.

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19
Q

Authoritarian Parents are more likely to show regular ___.

A

Psychological Control

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20
Q

Uninvolved Parenting tends to be associated with more ___ developmental outcomes.

A

negative

21
Q

Uninvolved Parenting tends to be associated with more ___ developmental outcomes.

A

negative

22
Q

Children of Uninvolved Parents often grow up feeling ___ or ___.

A

overlooked // neglected

23
Q

The children of what Parenting Styles show higher levels of impulsivity, non-compliance, rebellion, and struggle to follow rules?

A

Uninvolved and Permissive Parents

24
Q

What Parenting Style is associated with low self-esteem?

A

Uninvolved Parents

25
Q

What Attachment style do children of Uninvolved Parents show?

A

Insecure Attachment, specifically, Avoidant Attachment

26
Q

What life skills/struggles do children of Uninvolved Parents experience?

A
  • Lower social/academic skills; lack long-term goals
  • Antisocial behaviour; depression
  • Violence, bullying, substance use, depression, and other mental health challenges tend to be higher in this group
27
Q

What are characteristics/personality traits of children of Permissive Parents?

A

Rebellious, lack of self-control; impulsive; bossy; irresponsible

28
Q

Children of what Parenting Style are quick to anger, but often quick to recover their cheerful mood?

A

Permissive Parents

29
Q

What life skills/struggles do children of Permissive Parents experience?

A
  • Aimless; low persistence and low achievement orientation
  • Don’t have a direction, or long-term plans they want to follow.
  • Not as motivated to push through tasks, especially difficult ones that are a bit frustrating.
  • Lack a sense of persistence
  • More likely to conform to peers
30
Q

What are characteristics/personality traits of children of Authoritarian Parents?

A

Dependant, anxious, apprehensive; less self-assured, passive

31
Q

What life skills/struggles do children of Authoritarian Parents experience?

A
  • Struggle to make their own decisions and do things for themselves sometimes.
  • Not developing a sense of why in decision making skills
  • Not developing an internal sense of how to behave when they don’t have someone there telling them how to behave
32
Q

What emotions does a child of Authoritarian Parents show when frustrated?

A
  • Moodiness, unhappiness; hostility

- Alternation between aggressive behaviour and sulky withdrawal

33
Q

What Parenting Styles have child outcomes that include good academic outcomes and minimal/no antisocial behaviour?

A

Authoritarian & Authoritative Parenting

34
Q

Authoritative Parents show ___ Control, but not ___ Control

A

Behavioural // Psychological

35
Q

Why is Authoritative Parenting associated with consistently positive outcomes?

A

In large part, due to the combination of high Acceptance, guidance, & high control

36
Q

What life skills do children of Authoritative Parents experience?

A
  • Self-controlled, self-reliant, responsible
  • Better at making their own decisions because they have received a good framework of rules and boundaries, and have been explained to WHY they exist.
  • High persistence
  • Intellectually and socially curious
  • Socially skilled and mature; cooperative; good impulse control
  • Copes well with stress
37
Q

What are characteristics/personality traits of children of Authoritative Parents?

A

Cheerful, upbeat, & responsible

38
Q

The research around how Parenting Styles relate to child outcomes is ___, and is based on ___ research.

A

associative // correlative

39
Q

What is the Parent-Effects Model?

A

“When parents do X, it causes children to develop Y way”

40
Q

What is the problem with the Parent-Effects Model?

A

It is too simplistic a way of looking at it, because it’s also true that children’s characteristics influence their parents’ decisions

41
Q

What is the more modern model for parent-child relationships?

A

The Transactional Model

42
Q

What is the Transactional Model?

A

The Transactional Model is basically making the same claims as the Parent-Effects Model, except it’s more of a back-and-forth loop that evolves over time

43
Q

When trying to understand what types of parent-child dynamics lead to particular outcomes, we are trying to understand the ___.

A

causality

44
Q

What is a method that can be used to better understand the relationships between parenting styles and child outcomes?

A

To use things like surveys, where you ask both the parent and the child about their experiences. You could then categorize parents into one of the 4 parenting styles, and look for patterns in how that relates to the child’s outcomes.

45
Q

Research suggests that if you can improve the ___ of parenting behaviours, you can ___ the child’s outcomes

A

quality // improve

46
Q

What makes Authoritative Parenting effective?

A
  • Involves a warm parent–child relationship (ideal for many reasons!)
  • Strikes a balance between boundaries & autonomy
  • Rules don’t seem arbitrary, and are explained to the child—more likely to be internalized
  • Verbal give-and-take: Promotes emerging cognitive skills
47
Q

What makes Authoritative Parenting effective?

A
  • Involves a warm parent–child relationship (ideal for many reasons!)
  • Strikes a balance between boundaries & autonomy
  • Rules don’t seem arbitrary, and are explained to the child—more likely to be internalized
  • Verbal give-and-take: Promotes emerging cognitive skills
48
Q

Is Authoritative Parenting always the “best” parenting style?

A

No, the “best” parenting style is the one that fits the family’s context, meets their needs, and is well-suited to the child’s situation and abilities

PSYO2090 - Midterm #1 - Developmental Psych (12 decks)

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