~Families and Development: Parenting & Autonomy

Question 1

What makes studying what types of parent-child dynamics lead to particular outcomes difficult?

Answer 1

Because it is associative research

Question 2

Research suggests that if you can improve the quality of ___, you can improve the child’s ___ as well.

Answer 2

parenting behaviours // outcomes

Question 3

What makes Authoritative Parenting effective?

Answer 3

Authoritative parenting is consistently associated with positive developmental outcomes

Question 4

What parenting style is associated with the most positive outcomes?

Answer 4

Authoritative Parenting

Question 5

Are Authoritative Parents warm to their children?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Why is it good to explain rules, and why they are there, to children?

Answer 6

Rules don’t seem arbitrary, they make sense and have a reason to be there, and are more likely to be internalized by the child

Question 7

Authoritative Parenting strikes a balance between ___ & ___

Answer 7

boundaries // autonomy

Question 8

Authoritative Parenting promotes emerging ___ & ___ skills

Answer 8

cognitive // verbal

Question 9

What is the “best” parenting style?

Answer 9

The “best” parenting style is the one that fits the family’s context, meets their needs, and is well-suited to the child’s situation and abilities.

Question 10

Is Low Responsiveness inherently harmful?

Answer 10

No. There are cases where being low in Responsiveness is perfectly fine, not a problem from the child’s perspective, and doesn’t seem to cause them any kind of lasting developmental harm

Question 11

___ come into play in both a parents decision-making around how strict to be about rules, and the resources that they have to sit down and debate those rules with their child

Answer 11

contextual factors

Question 12

___ parents often get classified as more authoritarian than ___ parents

Answer 12

impoverished // well-off

Question 13

In cultures that value obedience to authority and respect to elders, ___ is the norm

Answer 13

Low Responsiveness

Question 14

When comparing the amount of freedom and autonomy parents in Denmark, the US, and South Korea gave their teens, they found the association between the amount of autonomy teenagers were getting and their happiness and wellbeing was exactly the same, this was a ___.

Answer 14

Moderately strong, but positive relationship

Question 15

In cultures where obedience to authority is highly valued, being strict and giving your children those guidelines to follow that are clear and consistent is seen as a form of ___, ___ & ___ in itself that children interpret as such

Answer 15

affection // love // support

Question 16

What two parenting behaviours should not be lumped together?

Answer 16

Responsiveness & Acceptance

Question 17

What is Traditional Parenting?

Answer 17

Traditional Parenting is a parenting style that values respecting elders, and obedience toward authority figures

Question 18

What features does Traditional Parenting have?

Answer 18

High Demandingness/Control, High Acceptance/Warmth, & and Low Responsiveness

Question 19

What is Co-Regulation?

Answer 19

From mid-childhood through adolescence, the gradual transfer of control from parent to child, as the child ages, loosening the reins bit by bit and give them more autonomy and decision-making

Question 20

What does Co-regulation facilitate?

Answer 20

The child’s developing sense of Autonomy

Question 21

What is Autonomy?

Answer 21

The ability and willingness to take responsibility for one’s feelings, actions, decisions, and beliefs

Question 22

What did Freud and other early psychoanalytic thinkers think Autonomy was?

Answer 22

A process of detachment, the adolescent’s severing of emotional ties to parents

Question 23

What are the 3 types of Autonomy?

Answer 23

Emotional, Behavioural, & Cognitive

Question 24

Autonomy is a gradual process of ___

Answer 24

Individuation

Question 25

What is Emotional Autonomy?

Answer 25

The ability/learning to function without having to rely on others to provide a sense of comfort and security. Taking responsibility for your feelings

Question 26

What type of Autonomy emerges first in adolescence?

Answer 26

Emotional Autonomy

Question 27

What is De-idealization?

Answer 27

The child realizing their parents aren’t all-knowing or powerful

Question 28

What is Behavioural Autonomy?

Answer 28

The ability to make one’s own decisions and take responsibility for them

Question 29

When does Emotional Autonomy emerge?

Answer 29

Early adolescents

Question 30

When does Behavioural Autonomy emerge?

Answer 30

Mid-teenage years

Question 31

Why might teens make decisions that they know aren’t the right ones?

Answer 31

When adolescents hit puberty, there are changes that happen in the brain that make them particularly sensitive to the prospect of reward and affect their self-regulation, they may not always act on what they “know” is best

Question 32

When do we finish developing?

Answer 32

Age 25

Question 33

What part of the brain is finally done developing when we turn 25?

Answer 33

The Prefrontal Cortex

Question 34

What is the function of the Prefrontal Cortex?

Answer 34

This part of our brain helps us reason through decisions, make plans, and control our behaviours

Question 35

The teens brain is like a car that has a ___ gas pedal & ___ brakes

Answer 35

sensitive // bad

Question 36

What parenting style is really good for helping kids gradually develop a sense of autonomy?

Answer 36

Authoritative Parenting

Question 37

What can affect the teen’s ability to develop Bhevaioural Autonomy?

Answer 37

Susceptibility to conformity & peer influence

Question 38

Why can susceptibility to conformity & peer influence affect a teen’s ability to develop Bhevaioural Autonomy?

Answer 38

Because when you’re going along with the crowd, and doing or believing everything your friends do, you’re not being Autonomous and learning to make your own decisions and form your own beleifs/

Question 39

At what age does susceptibility to conformity & peer influence peak?

Answer 39

14-15, and declines after

Question 40

What is Cognitive Autonomy?

Answer 40

The establishment of independent beliefs, values, and opinions. Taking responsibility for your beliefs, developing a sense of how you see the world, and what you think is right or wrong.

Question 41

What is the last form of Autonomy that a teen develops?

Answer 41

Cognitive Autonomy

Question 42

What type of Autonomy helps the teen when two of their beliefs conflict?

Answer 42

Cognitive Autonomy

Question 43

During which phase of Autonomy development does the teen have increasingly abstract thoughts on moral, political, and religious issues, and their views become less rigid?

Answer 43

Cognitive Autonomy

Question 44

Teens who are developing cognitive autonomy increasingly show that their beliefs are rooted in ___

Answer 44

general principles

Question 45

What basic aspect of development is Emotional, Bhevaiorual, and Cognitive autonomy driving toward?

Answer 45

The process of becoming more independent

Question 46

___ is built on the earlier ___ & ___ that came before

Answer 46

Cognitive Autonomy // Emotional // Behavioural Autonomy