~Families and Development: Parenting & Autonomy Flashcards
What makes studying what types of parent-child dynamics lead to particular outcomes difficult?
Because it is associative research
Research suggests that if you can improve the quality of ___, you can improve the child’s ___ as well.
parenting behaviours // outcomes
What makes Authoritative Parenting effective?
Authoritative parenting is consistently associated with positive developmental outcomes
What parenting style is associated with the most positive outcomes?
Authoritative Parenting
Are Authoritative Parents warm to their children?
Yes
Why is it good to explain rules, and why they are there, to children?
Rules don’t seem arbitrary, they make sense and have a reason to be there, and are more likely to be internalized by the child
Authoritative Parenting strikes a balance between ___ & ___
boundaries // autonomy
Authoritative Parenting promotes emerging ___ & ___ skills
cognitive // verbal
What is the “best” parenting style?
The “best” parenting style is the one that fits the family’s context, meets their needs, and is well-suited to the child’s situation and abilities.
Is Low Responsiveness inherently harmful?
No. There are cases where being low in Responsiveness is perfectly fine, not a problem from the child’s perspective, and doesn’t seem to cause them any kind of lasting developmental harm
___ come into play in both a parents decision-making around how strict to be about rules, and the resources that they have to sit down and debate those rules with their child
contextual factors
___ parents often get classified as more authoritarian than ___ parents
impoverished // well-off
In cultures that value obedience to authority and respect to elders, ___ is the norm
Low Responsiveness
When comparing the amount of freedom and autonomy parents in Denmark, the US, and South Korea gave their teens, they found the association between the amount of autonomy teenagers were getting and their happiness and wellbeing was exactly the same, this was a ___.
Moderately strong, but positive relationship
In cultures where obedience to authority is highly valued, being strict and giving your children those guidelines to follow that are clear and consistent is seen as a form of ___, ___ & ___ in itself that children interpret as such
affection // love // support
What two parenting behaviours should not be lumped together?
Responsiveness & Acceptance
What is Traditional Parenting?
Traditional Parenting is a parenting style that values respecting elders, and obedience toward authority figures
What features does Traditional Parenting have?
High Demandingness/Control, High Acceptance/Warmth, & and Low Responsiveness
What is Co-Regulation?
From mid-childhood through adolescence, the gradual transfer of control from parent to child, as the child ages, loosening the reins bit by bit and give them more autonomy and decision-making
What does Co-regulation facilitate?
The child’s developing sense of Autonomy
What is Autonomy?
The ability and willingness to take responsibility for one’s feelings, actions, decisions, and beliefs
What did Freud and other early psychoanalytic thinkers think Autonomy was?
A process of detachment, the adolescent’s severing of emotional ties to parents
What are the 3 types of Autonomy?
Emotional, Behavioural, & Cognitive
Autonomy is a gradual process of ___
Individuation
What is Emotional Autonomy?
The ability/learning to function without having to rely on others to provide a sense of comfort and security. Taking responsibility for your feelings
What type of Autonomy emerges first in adolescence?
Emotional Autonomy
What is De-idealization?
The child realizing their parents aren’t all-knowing or powerful
What is Behavioural Autonomy?
The ability to make one’s own decisions and take responsibility for them
When does Emotional Autonomy emerge?
Early adolescents
When does Behavioural Autonomy emerge?
Mid-teenage years
Why might teens make decisions that they know aren’t the right ones?
When adolescents hit puberty, there are changes that happen in the brain that make them particularly sensitive to the prospect of reward and affect their self-regulation, they may not always act on what they “know” is best
When do we finish developing?
Age 25
What part of the brain is finally done developing when we turn 25?
The Prefrontal Cortex
What is the function of the Prefrontal Cortex?
This part of our brain helps us reason through decisions, make plans, and control our behaviours
The teens brain is like a car that has a ___ gas pedal & ___ brakes
sensitive // bad
What parenting style is really good for helping kids gradually develop a sense of autonomy?
Authoritative Parenting
What can affect the teen’s ability to develop Bhevaioural Autonomy?
Susceptibility to conformity & peer influence
Why can susceptibility to conformity & peer influence affect a teen’s ability to develop Bhevaioural Autonomy?
Because when you’re going along with the crowd, and doing or believing everything your friends do, you’re not being Autonomous and learning to make your own decisions and form your own beleifs/
At what age does susceptibility to conformity & peer influence peak?
14-15, and declines after
What is Cognitive Autonomy?
The establishment of independent beliefs, values, and opinions. Taking responsibility for your beliefs, developing a sense of how you see the world, and what you think is right or wrong.
What is the last form of Autonomy that a teen develops?
Cognitive Autonomy
What type of Autonomy helps the teen when two of their beliefs conflict?
Cognitive Autonomy
During which phase of Autonomy development does the teen have increasingly abstract thoughts on moral, political, and religious issues, and their views become less rigid?
Cognitive Autonomy
Teens who are developing cognitive autonomy increasingly show that their beliefs are rooted in ___
general principles
What basic aspect of development is Emotional, Bhevaiorual, and Cognitive autonomy driving toward?
The process of becoming more independent
___ is built on the earlier ___ & ___ that came before
Cognitive Autonomy // Emotional // Behavioural Autonomy
