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Pharmaceutics II > Parenteral Route of Drug Administration II > Flashcards

Parenteral Route of Drug Administration II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drug products that are administered via IM?

A
  1. aqueous
  2. oil solutions
  3. suspensions
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2
Q

What are the most common areas for the intramuscular route of administration?

A

buttocks, thigh, deltoids

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3
Q

Drug administered IM are more slowly absorbed than ….

A

SC

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4
Q

What are the stages of drug absorption from IM?

A
  1. Release of drug from the dosage form
  2. Absorption from ICF into the blood and the lymphatic fluids
  3. Transport from local blood volume to general circulation
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5
Q

Where are SC injections delivered?

A
  1. highly vascular
  2. loose connective tissue
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6
Q

Where is the intradermal route administered?

A

in the corium; between epidermis and the dermis

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7
Q

What is an example of an intradermal route?

A

allergic test or TB testing

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8
Q

When is intra-arterial injections used?

A
  1. premature infants
  2. liver cancer patients
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9
Q

Why is the intra-arterial route rarely used?

A

arteries are not readily accessible and the surgery is quite risky

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10
Q

Drugs should be in what type of solution in oder for the formulation to be administered into this area < 10 mL?

A

aqueous solutions

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11
Q

Diluents containing what should not be used in intrathecal injections or high doses of methotrexate therapy?

A

preservatives

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12
Q

What is the purpose of delivering drugs through intraspinal injections?

A

allows delivery of drugs which otherwise would not cross the BBB

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13
Q

Which type of administration is used for anesthesia during child birth, antibiotics for meningitis, giving chemotherapy or withdrawing fluid for diagnostic purposes?

A

Intraspinal

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14
Q

Where are intraarticular injections given?

A

in the synovia fluid of the joint cavity of the knee

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15
Q

What type of solutions are administered through intraarticular injections?

A

suspension or aqueous solution

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16
Q

What is an example of a type of drug that is given through intraarticular injections?

A

corticosteroid

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17
Q

What are the different intraocular injection sites?

A
  1. intracameral
  2. intravitreal
18
Q

What is intracameral?

A

into anterior chamber of the eye (0.1 to 1 mL)

19
Q

What is intravitreal?

A

into the vitreous humor, behind the lens (Vol < 0.1 mL)

20
Q

What are the critical quality attributes?

A
  1. must be sterile
  2. free particulate contaminants
  3. Must be physically and chemically stable
  4. IV injections must be isotonic with physiological solution
  5. Rapid and predictable clinical effects
21
Q

The type of formulations can control the rate of what?

A

absorption of the active pharmaceutical ingredient

22
Q

What are examples of aqueous solutions?

A

Rapid acting insulins (Novolog and Apidra)

23
Q

What are examples of powder solutions?

A

Cefuroxime for injection

24
Q

What are examples of suspensions?

A

Long-acting insulins (Lantus) and Methylprednisolone (corticosteroids)

25
Q

What are examples of powder for suspensions?

A

Impienem and Cilastatin

26
Q

What are examples of emulsions?

A

antipsychotic ziprasidone (Geodon, Propofol, and USP)

27
Q

What is the most commonly used sterile water for injection?

A

sterile 0.9% w/v sodium chloride solution

28
Q

What is used if the drug product has poor solubility in water?

A

ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol

29
Q

If the drug is hydrophobic what is used in the drug product that has poor solubility in water?

A

vegetable oils, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, and polyoxyethylene

30
Q

What are antimicrobial substances added to injectable products to prevent growth of microorganisms especially in multiple dose preparations?

A

preservatives

31
Q

What are some solvents that can be used as preservatives?

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Glycerol
  3. Propylene Glycol
32
Q

What causes gasping syndrome?

A

Benzyl alcohol poisoning

33
Q

What should you avoid using as a preservative in the water for injections used to make neonate products?

A

benzyl alcohol

34
Q

True or False: Preservatives should be added to large volume parenteral infusions, intraocular and intrathecal injections

A

False; should not

35
Q

What are some common preservatives used in injectable products?

A
  1. Benzalconium Chloride
  2. benzoic Acid
  3. Benzyl Alcohol
  4. Chlorocresol
  5. Cresol
  6. Chlorobutanol
36
Q

Antioxidants can also be used to prevent what by oxidation?

A

degradation

37
Q

What are examples of antioxidants?

A

Vitamin C and Vitamin E

38
Q

What is the advantage of transparent containers?

A

the pharmacist would be able to visually inspect the preparation

39
Q

What is the advantage of non-transparent containers?

A

will prevent degradation of a light-sensitive drug product

40
Q

What is the advantage of Type 1 or Borosilicate glass containers?

A

durabillity and resistant to shock

41
Q

What are examples of sterilization techniques for parenteral preparations?

A
  1. Wet heat (autoclaving)
  2. Dry heat
  3. Filtration
  4. Gas sterilization
  5. Ionizing radiation

Pharmaceutics II (5 decks)

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