Parent - athlete relationship

Question 1

Definition of youth sports

Answer 1

Sport where the participants are aged between 12 and 18 which is organised or supervised by adults (Duda and Ntoumnis 2009)

Question 2

The extent of parental influence in child sport experiences

Answer 2

Parents are substantial involved and can be considered key social agents in the sporting domain (Frederick and Eccles 2004)

Question 3

3 benefits of youth sport

Answer 3

Psychosocial
Physical health
Motor skill/ performance
(Cote and francis thomas 2007)

Question 4

Expectancy value model

Answer 4

Eccles et al. 1998

Expectancy of behaviour (Success) X Value of task = mtotivation

Question 5

3 roles of parents in sport

Answer 5

Providers, interpreters and role models (Eccles et al. 1998)

Question 6

3 key variables of keeping children in youth sport

Answer 6

Child’s belief of their own ability
Expectation of success
Value of task

Question 7

How do parents influence childs motivation through childs perceptions?

Answer 7

Parenting style
Parenting behavior
Parental beliefs

Question 8

Parenting style definition

Answer 8

The communication of attitudes and creation of emotional climate in which beahviour of parents is expressed

Question 9

Parental practice defintion

Answer 9

Same has parent behavior - the actions of parents

Question 10

3 dimensions which reflect the overall parental style of parents?

Answer 10

1. Autonomy/support
2. Structure
3. Involvement
   (Rollick and Ryan 1989)
   NB A/S associated with self regulation and competence

Question 11

What two (three) styles were observed at u12/u14 female football?

Answer 11

Autonomy/supportive style
Controlling style
Mixed style - varied on situation

Question 12

What did Deci and Ryan (1985) find about the benefits of the autonmy/supportive style?

Answer 12

More self determined

Enhancement of wellbeing

Question 13

Describe the main findings in the Wuerth et al. (2004) study (in Germany)?

Answer 13

1. Athletes who progressed in their sport (up a career progression) reported higher parental involvement
2. Progress athletes reported higher directive behaviour from parents
3. Role of mum - understanding and praise
   Role of dad - more directive behaviour
4. Pressure solely associated with directive behaviour

Question 14

Parental presence at matches positively related to pre match anxiety in young tennis players

Answer 14

Bois et al. (2007)

Question 15

Increased enjoyment when parents believed parents held positive beliefs about their footballing competence

Answer 15

Babkes and Weiss (1999)

Question 16

Parental controlling behavior and high expectations for achievement contributed to child athletes fearing behavior

Answer 16

Sagar and Lavelle (2010)

Question 17

What the children want?

Answer 17

Knight et al. (2011)

Question 18

For the future??

Answer 18

Examine RELATIONAL ASPECTS between parents and child in youth sport and take into account entire family impact eg FSA

Question 19

Soccer mums experience

Answer 19

Clarke and Harewood (2014)

Question 20

Literary review on parent child relationship - stressed importance of bi directional communication

Answer 20

Bremier (2012)

Question 21

PISQ

Answer 21

parental invovement in sport questionnaire

1. Praise and understanding
2. Directive behaviour
3. Active involvement
4. Pressure