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Geriatria > Parcial 2 > Flashcards

Parcial 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommended approach for managing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis if conservative treatment fails?

A

Surgical debridement of necrotic bone tissue

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2
Q

Which of the following best describes emphysema

A

Destruction and widening of the pulmonary alveoli

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3
Q

What is the main age-related change observed in dentin

A

Formation of secondary dentin

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4
Q

Which type of arthritis is the most common in older adults

A

Osteoarthritis

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5
Q

What is arthritis

A

A term referring to joint pain or joint disease

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6
Q

The presence of secondary cementum at the apex of a tooth can aid in age estimation in forensic dentistry.

VF

A

True

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7
Q

Older adults have a more vascular and cellular pulp compared to younger individuals.

FV

A

False

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8
Q

Which of the following is a clinical feature of chronic bronchitis?

A

PRODUCTIVE COUGH FOR MORE THAN THREE MONTHS PER YEAR

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9
Q

At what International Normalized Ratio (IN) range can periodontal and buccal surgery be safely performed in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy?

A

INR BELOW 2.0

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10
Q

What is the primary factor contributing to insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes?

A

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATE

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11
Q

Which term describes the deposit of lipids under the intimal layer of arteries in coronary heart disease?

A

ATHEROMAS

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12
Q

What effect do non-selective COX inhibitors have on platelet function when taken together with aspirin?

A

THEY DECREASE THE ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF ASPIR

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is true?

A

IT CAN CAUSE PERMANENT JOINT CHANGES AND DEFORMITIES

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14
Q

Which is one of the corticosteroid drugs commonly used in dentistry?

A

BETAMETHASONE

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15
Q

What characterizes cancer?

A

UNCONTROLLED GROWTH AND SPREAD OF ABNORMAL CELLS

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16
Q

How is the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) confirmed?

A

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST (SPIROMETRY)

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17
Q

What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?

A

OLONGED ISCHEMIA DUE TO OBSTRUCTED BLOOD FLOW IN A CORONARY ARTERY

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18
Q

Oral hypoglycemic medications are always sufficient to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

VF

A

False

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19
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF COX IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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20
Q

How do age-related changes in the pulp affect dental treatment?

A

DIFFICULTY IN PENETRATION WITH FILES

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21
Q

At what dose is aspirin used for its antiplatelet action?

A

LOW DOSES LOWER THAN 300 mg/day

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22
Q

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

A

THEY ACCUMULATE MUTATIONS AND DIVIDE UNCONTROLLABLY

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23
Q

What is a characteristic change in enamel associated with aging?

A

OPAQUENESS AND DARKENING

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24
Q

What is the primary cause of coronary heart disease?

A

ARTHEROESCLEROSIS

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25
Q

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with angina pectoris?

A

RADIATING PAIN TO THE RIGHT SHOULDER AND ARM

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26
Q

What is the primary reason for contraindicating dental treatment in patients with HbA1c levels above 10%?

A

ELEVATED RISK OF MACRO AND MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS

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27
Q

Which medication type is NOT commonly associated with causing xerostomia?

A

ANTIBIOTICS

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28
Q

What effect does aspirin have on platelet function?

A

INHIBITS THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION

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29
Q

What alteration in the tongue is commonly observed in older adults?

A

LOSS OF FILIFORM PAPILLAE

30
Q

Corticosteroids are commonly administered in dentistry to treat severe acute pain after surgery. VF

A

False

31
Q

What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

A

FACILITATING GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY CELLS

32
Q

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating glucose production in the liver?

A

GLUCAGON

33
Q

It is recommended to perform dental treatment on patients with HbA1c levels above 10% in a dental office setting to minimize the risk of complications. VF

A

False

34
Q

Angular cheilitis is favored by which of the following conditions?

A

VERTICAL HEIGHT LOSS, WHICH LEADS TO PERIBUCCAL FOLDS

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of aging on the oral cavity?

A

INCREASED SALIVARY FLOW

36
Q

What age-related change may result in disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint?

A

REMODELLING OF THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE

37
Q

Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has no antiplatelet effect and can be combined with aspirin without diminishing its antiplatelet effect.

VF

A

True

38
Q

Why is the use of local anesthetics without vasoconstrictors contraindicated in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction?

A

THEY CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF TOXICITY

39
Q

What is the recommended range for glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing elective dental treatment?

A

7-9 %

40
Q

What are some risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

A

OVERWEIGHT OR OBESITY, JOINT INJURIES AND OVERUSE OF JOINTS

41
Q

Opioids act mainly by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase

VF

A

False

42
Q

Poor oral health in older adults can lead to:

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE (Malnutrition, Decreased quality of life, Decreased social
interaction)

43
Q

ALL OF THE ABOVE (Malnutrition, Decreased quality of life, Decreased social interaction)

A

POLYPHAGIA, GLYCOSURIA, POLYURIA, AND POLYDIPSIA

44
Q

When can a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction receive elective dental treatment?

A

AFTER WAITING AT LEAST 6 MONTHS AND ACHIEVING STABILITY

45
Q

At what platelet count is it contraindicated to perform surgical procedures?

A

LESS THAN 50,000 platelet / mm 3 of blood

46
Q

Which factor does NOT adversely affect periodontal health in older adults?

A

ENHANCED IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE

47
Q

Which medication for angina pectoris acts immediately to produce coronary vasodilation?

A

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE (SUBLINGUAL)

48
Q

Non-selective COX inhibitors inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 reversibly.

VF

A

VERDADERO

49
Q

What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A

INHALATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES

50
Q

The production of secondary dentin contributes to the reduction in pulp chamber size as patients age.

VF

A

VERDADERO

51
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF COX-1 AND COX-2

52
Q

What is the recommended frequency for checking HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes?

A

EVERY THREE MONTHS

53
Q

What is the potential consequence of mucus blockages in the airways of individuals with chronic bronchitis?

A

DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG INFECTIONS

54
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

A

DECREASING PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION

55
Q

Which enzyme converts cell membrane phospholipids to arachidonic acid during inflammation?

A

PHOSPHOLIPASE A2

56
Q

Cementum formation ceases completely with age, leading to increased susceptibility to root caries?

VF

A

False

57
Q

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes?

A

INSULIN RESISTANCE

58
Q

What is the characteristic duration of chest pain in angina pectoris?

A

LESS THAN 20 MINUTES

59
Q

Obesity can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes due to chronic inflammation from adipose tissue?

VF

A

True

60
Q

Which method is NOT commonly used in diagnosing osteoarthritis?

A

USING MRI SCANS EXCLUSIVELY
(COMMONLY USED= ASKING ABOUT SYMPTOMS AND MEDICAL HISTORY, UTILIZING
X.RAYS AND OTHER IMAGING TESTS, PERFORMING PHYSICAL EXAMINATION)

61
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of bisphosphonates?

A

INHIBITION OF OSTEOCLAST-MEDIATED BONE RESORPTION

62
Q

Which dental tissue becomes less permeable and more susceptible to fracture with age?

A

ENAMEL

63
Q

Acetaminophen is considered safe for the treatment of fever and pain in children because it does not cause Reye’s syndrome

VF

A

True

64
Q

Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of structural changes in oral mucosa with aging?

A

INCREASED VASCULARITY
(ACTUAL MANIFESTATIONS= THINNING AND FRAGILITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
TRAUMA, REDUCED HEALING CAPACITY)

65
Q

What is the main gastrointestinal side effect of non-selective COX inhibitors?

A

GASTRITIS

66
Q

What is the primary purpose of long-acting medications for angina pectoris?

A

PROLONGED CORONARY VASODILATION

67
Q

Which oral condition is commonly observed in patients with diabetes due to the presence of polyuria and dehydration?

A

XEROSTOMIA

68
Q

How does myocardial infarction typically manifest?

A

PAROXYSMAL CHEST PAIN LASTING MORE THAN 20 MINUTES

69
Q

How do beta cells respond to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

A

THEY DECREASE IN NUMBER AND UNDERGO HYPOTROPHY

70
Q

Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise can reverse insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

VF

A

True

71
Q

What are Fordyce’s granules

A

VARIANTS OF NORMALITY FOUND IN OLDER ADULT’S ORAL MUCOSA

72
Q

What precaution should be taken for patients receiving antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulants before surgical procedures?

A

IF THE PATIENT IS RECEIVING DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY DISCONTINUE CLOPIDOGREL 3 DAYS BEFORE THE PROCEDURE

Geriatria (5 decks)

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