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Geriatria > Parcial 2 > Flashcards

Parcial 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommended approach for managing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis if conservative treatment fails?

A

Surgical debridement of necrotic bone tissue

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2
Q

Which of the following best describes emphysema

A

Destruction and widening of the pulmonary alveoli

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3
Q

What is the main age-related change observed in dentin

A

Formation of secondary dentin

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4
Q

Which type of arthritis is the most common in older adults

A

Osteoarthritis

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5
Q

What is arthritis

A

A term referring to joint pain or joint disease

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6
Q

The presence of secondary cementum at the apex of a tooth can aid in age estimation in forensic dentistry.

VF

A

True

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7
Q

Older adults have a more vascular and cellular pulp compared to younger individuals.

FV

A

False

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8
Q

Which of the following is a clinical feature of chronic bronchitis?

A

PRODUCTIVE COUGH FOR MORE THAN THREE MONTHS PER YEAR

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9
Q

At what International Normalized Ratio (IN) range can periodontal and buccal surgery be safely performed in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy?

A

INR BELOW 2.0

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10
Q

What is the primary factor contributing to insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes?

A

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATE

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11
Q

Which term describes the deposit of lipids under the intimal layer of arteries in coronary heart disease?

A

ATHEROMAS

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12
Q

What effect do non-selective COX inhibitors have on platelet function when taken together with aspirin?

A

THEY DECREASE THE ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF ASPIR

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is true?

A

IT CAN CAUSE PERMANENT JOINT CHANGES AND DEFORMITIES

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14
Q

Which is one of the corticosteroid drugs commonly used in dentistry?

A

BETAMETHASONE

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15
Q

What characterizes cancer?

A

UNCONTROLLED GROWTH AND SPREAD OF ABNORMAL CELLS

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16
Q

How is the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) confirmed?

A

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST (SPIROMETRY)

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17
Q

What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?

A

OLONGED ISCHEMIA DUE TO OBSTRUCTED BLOOD FLOW IN A CORONARY ARTERY

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18
Q

Oral hypoglycemic medications are always sufficient to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

VF

A

False

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19
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF COX IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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20
Q

How do age-related changes in the pulp affect dental treatment?

A

DIFFICULTY IN PENETRATION WITH FILES

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21
Q

At what dose is aspirin used for its antiplatelet action?

A

LOW DOSES LOWER THAN 300 mg/day

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22
Q

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

A

THEY ACCUMULATE MUTATIONS AND DIVIDE UNCONTROLLABLY

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23
Q

What is a characteristic change in enamel associated with aging?

A

OPAQUENESS AND DARKENING

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24
Q

What is the primary cause of coronary heart disease?

A

ARTHEROESCLEROSIS

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25
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with angina pectoris?
RADIATING PAIN TO THE RIGHT SHOULDER AND ARM
26
What is the primary reason for contraindicating dental treatment in patients with HbA1c levels above 10%?
ELEVATED RISK OF MACRO AND MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
27
Which medication type is NOT commonly associated with causing xerostomia?
ANTIBIOTICS
28
What effect does aspirin have on platelet function?
INHIBITS THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION
29
What alteration in the tongue is commonly observed in older adults?
LOSS OF FILIFORM PAPILLAE
30
Corticosteroids are commonly administered in dentistry to treat severe acute pain after surgery. VF
False
31
What is the primary role of insulin in the body?
FACILITATING GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY CELLS
32
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating glucose production in the liver?
GLUCAGON
33
It is recommended to perform dental treatment on patients with HbA1c levels above 10% in a dental office setting to minimize the risk of complications. VF
False
34
Angular cheilitis is favored by which of the following conditions?
VERTICAL HEIGHT LOSS, WHICH LEADS TO PERIBUCCAL FOLDS
35
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of aging on the oral cavity?
INCREASED SALIVARY FLOW
36
What age-related change may result in disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint?
REMODELLING OF THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE
37
Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has no antiplatelet effect and can be combined with aspirin without diminishing its antiplatelet effect. VF
True
38
Why is the use of local anesthetics without vasoconstrictors contraindicated in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction?
THEY CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF TOXICITY
39
What is the recommended range for glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing elective dental treatment?
7-9 %
40
What are some risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?
OVERWEIGHT OR OBESITY, JOINT INJURIES AND OVERUSE OF JOINTS
41
Opioids act mainly by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase VF
False
42
Poor oral health in older adults can lead to:
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Malnutrition, Decreased quality of life, Decreased social interaction)
43
ALL OF THE ABOVE (Malnutrition, Decreased quality of life, Decreased social interaction)
POLYPHAGIA, GLYCOSURIA, POLYURIA, AND POLYDIPSIA
44
When can a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction receive elective dental treatment?
AFTER WAITING AT LEAST 6 MONTHS AND ACHIEVING STABILITY
45
At what platelet count is it contraindicated to perform surgical procedures?
LESS THAN 50,000 platelet / mm 3 of blood
46
Which factor does NOT adversely affect periodontal health in older adults?
ENHANCED IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE
47
Which medication for angina pectoris acts immediately to produce coronary vasodilation?
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE (SUBLINGUAL)
48
Non-selective COX inhibitors inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 reversibly. VF
VERDADERO
49
What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
INHALATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
50
The production of secondary dentin contributes to the reduction in pulp chamber size as patients age. VF
VERDADERO
51
What is the main mechanism of action of aspirin?
IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF COX-1 AND COX-2
52
What is the recommended frequency for checking HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes?
EVERY THREE MONTHS
53
What is the potential consequence of mucus blockages in the airways of individuals with chronic bronchitis?
DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG INFECTIONS
54
What is the main mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
DECREASING PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION
55
Which enzyme converts cell membrane phospholipids to arachidonic acid during inflammation?
PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
56
Cementum formation ceases completely with age, leading to increased susceptibility to root caries? VF
False
57
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes?
INSULIN RESISTANCE
58
What is the characteristic duration of chest pain in angina pectoris?
LESS THAN 20 MINUTES
59
Obesity can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes due to chronic inflammation from adipose tissue? VF
True
60
Which method is NOT commonly used in diagnosing osteoarthritis?
USING MRI SCANS EXCLUSIVELY (COMMONLY USED= ASKING ABOUT SYMPTOMS AND MEDICAL HISTORY, UTILIZING X.RAYS AND OTHER IMAGING TESTS, PERFORMING PHYSICAL EXAMINATION)
61
What is the primary mechanism of action of bisphosphonates?
INHIBITION OF OSTEOCLAST-MEDIATED BONE RESORPTION
62
Which dental tissue becomes less permeable and more susceptible to fracture with age?
ENAMEL
63
Acetaminophen is considered safe for the treatment of fever and pain in children because it does not cause Reye’s syndrome VF
True
64
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of structural changes in oral mucosa with aging?
INCREASED VASCULARITY (ACTUAL MANIFESTATIONS= THINNING AND FRAGILITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TRAUMA, REDUCED HEALING CAPACITY)
65
What is the main gastrointestinal side effect of non-selective COX inhibitors?
GASTRITIS
66
What is the primary purpose of long-acting medications for angina pectoris?
PROLONGED CORONARY VASODILATION
67
Which oral condition is commonly observed in patients with diabetes due to the presence of polyuria and dehydration?
XEROSTOMIA
68
How does myocardial infarction typically manifest?
PAROXYSMAL CHEST PAIN LASTING MORE THAN 20 MINUTES
69
How do beta cells respond to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?
THEY DECREASE IN NUMBER AND UNDERGO HYPOTROPHY
70
Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise can reverse insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes VF
True
71
What are Fordyce’s granules
VARIANTS OF NORMALITY FOUND IN OLDER ADULT’S ORAL MUCOSA
72
What precaution should be taken for patients receiving antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulants before surgical procedures?
IF THE PATIENT IS RECEIVING DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY DISCONTINUE CLOPIDOGREL 3 DAYS BEFORE THE PROCEDURE

Geriatria (5 decks)

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