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Geriatria > Parcial 1 > Flashcards

Parcial 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are cross links in the context of aging?

A

Connections between protein in tissues

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2
Q

How does a scarcity of nutrients impact cellular function

A

It boosts cellular repair and maintenance mechanisms

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3
Q

What is the primary indicator of a country transitioning stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

A

Decreasing death rates

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4
Q

What is cellular senescence

A

Process of cessation of cell division

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5
Q

Which stage of the demographic transition model is characterized by RAPID POPULATION GROWTH over LOW DEATH RATES and HIGH BIRTH RATES

A

Stage 2
EARLY expanding

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6
Q

Which type of diseases has shown a growing impact with increasing longevity

A

Chronic and noncommunicable disease

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7
Q

What does the width of the base of an expensive population pyramid indicate?

A

High birth rates

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8
Q

What term refers to the portion of our lives during which we are free of disease

A

Health expectancy

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9
Q

With respect to aging, select the WRONG statement

A

The changes in the living being, through the years, produce an increase in the adaptability capacity of the organism in relation to the environment

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10
Q

What is the Hayflick limit?

A

A limit on cellular replication

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11
Q

What is the primary goal of addressing aging in the medical community?

A

To optimize health expectancy

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12
Q

What are free radicals, and how do they contribute to mitochondrial damage?

A

Harmful substances produced during mitochondrial function

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13
Q

What is inflammaging?

A

A state of continuous inflammation in aging-related diseases

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14
Q

Which pharmacological agent, commonly prescribed for arterial hypertension, is associated with a notable side effect of gingival enlargement?

A

Calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

What is the primary goal of senolytics

A

To target and remove senescent cells

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16
Q

What does the term “demographic transition” refer to

A

The process of moving form HIGH BIRTH and DEATH RATES to LOW BIRTH n DEATH RATES over time

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17
Q

What are terlomeras

A

Protective regions at the end of chromosomes

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18
Q

How does protein homeostasis contribute to cellular function

A

By promoting protein breakdown and recycling

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19
Q

What type of population pyramid is shown

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A

Stationary pyramid

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20
Q

Population pyramid

A

A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population

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21
Q

What roles does the immune system play in clearing senescent cells

A

It eliminates senescent cells

22
Q

What led to the implementation of the general population law in Mexico in 1974

A

High fertility rates

23
Q

What is the main determinant of population aging

A

Decreasing fertility rates

24
Q

What type of pyramid is shown
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A

Constrictive pyramid

25
Forcé exerted against the arterial wall by blood flowing through arteries
Blood pressure
26
What happens when telomeres become critically short
They cannot protect DNA anymore, leading to damage
27
Which demographic trend is associated with a transition from an expansive to a constrictive population pyramid
Decreasing brith rates and increasing life expectancy
28
What are the consequences of not clearing senescent cells
Increased inflammation
29
What is the primary function of stem cells in the body
Tissue repair and regeneration
30
What type of country is typically associated with a **constrictive** population pyramid
Developed countries with **low** birth and death rates
31
What is a significant factor contributing to the decrease in fertility rates
Increased access to effective birth control
32
What additional information can be extrapolated from a population pyramid
All of the above: Economic development Migration patterns Historical events
33
What is the primary mechanism through which a **low** sugar diet slows down aging
By reducing the formation of crosslinks
34
How does consuming foods **high** in sugars contribute to aging
It accelerates the formation of crosslinks
35
Why is cellular senescence considered a protective mechanism
It prevents the development of cancer
36
Which of the following symptoms may indicate advanced arterial hypertension
All of the above Nausea Vomiting Occipital headache Shortness of breath
37
Stem cell exhaustion contributes to an increase in regenerative capacity over time VF
False
38
What process is responsible for clearing damages mitochondria from cells
Mitophagy
39
What is the consequence of protein accumulation inside cells
Cellular dysfunction
40
How does the shape of a population pyramid change as a population ages
It becomes WIDER at the top
41
What are some characteristics of aging
Heterogeneity and singularity
42
Pyramid hypertension primarily stems from various etiologies, yet which factor is not typically associated with its development
Endocrine disease
43
How does protein accumulation affect blood vessels
It makes them more fragile
44
What has led to the shift in the causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic conditions
Improvements in medical technologies
45
In which type of country is an expensive population pyramid typically found
DEVELOPING countries with **HIGH** BIRTH AND DEATH RATES
46
Which aging disease is associated with protein accumulation in the brain
Alzheimer’s
47
How is aging defined
A progressive physiological process occurring from conception onwards
48
What does a **stationary** population pyramid indicate
Stable birth and death rates
49
What happens when mitochondria evade destruction through Mitophagy
They accumulate in cells
50
Which stage of the demographic transition model is characterized by **high** birth rates and death rates, resulting in **minimal** population growth?
Stage 1 HIGH STATIONARY

Geriatria (5 decks)

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