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Geriatria > Parcial 1 > Flashcards

Parcial 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are cross links in the context of aging?

A

Connections between protein in tissues

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2
Q

How does a scarcity of nutrients impact cellular function

A

It boosts cellular repair and maintenance mechanisms

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3
Q

What is the primary indicator of a country transitioning stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

A

Decreasing death rates

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4
Q

What is cellular senescence

A

Process of cessation of cell division

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5
Q

Which stage of the demographic transition model is characterized by RAPID POPULATION GROWTH over LOW DEATH RATES and HIGH BIRTH RATES

A

Stage 2
EARLY expanding

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6
Q

Which type of diseases has shown a growing impact with increasing longevity

A

Chronic and noncommunicable disease

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7
Q

What does the width of the base of an expensive population pyramid indicate?

A

High birth rates

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8
Q

What term refers to the portion of our lives during which we are free of disease

A

Health expectancy

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9
Q

With respect to aging, select the WRONG statement

A

The changes in the living being, through the years, produce an increase in the adaptability capacity of the organism in relation to the environment

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10
Q

What is the Hayflick limit?

A

A limit on cellular replication

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11
Q

What is the primary goal of addressing aging in the medical community?

A

To optimize health expectancy

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12
Q

What are free radicals, and how do they contribute to mitochondrial damage?

A

Harmful substances produced during mitochondrial function

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13
Q

What is inflammaging?

A

A state of continuous inflammation in aging-related diseases

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14
Q

Which pharmacological agent, commonly prescribed for arterial hypertension, is associated with a notable side effect of gingival enlargement?

A

Calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

What is the primary goal of senolytics

A

To target and remove senescent cells

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16
Q

What does the term “demographic transition” refer to

A

The process of moving form HIGH BIRTH and DEATH RATES to LOW BIRTH n DEATH RATES over time

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17
Q

What are terlomeras

A

Protective regions at the end of chromosomes

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18
Q

How does protein homeostasis contribute to cellular function

A

By promoting protein breakdown and recycling

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19
Q

What type of population pyramid is shown

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A

Stationary pyramid

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20
Q

Population pyramid

A

A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population

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21
Q

What roles does the immune system play in clearing senescent cells

A

It eliminates senescent cells

22
Q

What led to the implementation of the general population law in Mexico in 1974

A

High fertility rates

23
Q

What is the main determinant of population aging

A

Decreasing fertility rates

24
Q

What type of pyramid is shown
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A

Constrictive pyramid

25
Q

Forcé exerted against the arterial wall by blood flowing through arteries

A

Blood pressure

26
Q

What happens when telomeres become critically short

A

They cannot protect DNA anymore, leading to damage

27
Q

Which demographic trend is associated with a transition from an expansive to a constrictive population pyramid

A

Decreasing brith rates and increasing life expectancy

28
Q

What are the consequences of not clearing senescent cells

A

Increased inflammation

29
Q

What is the primary function of stem cells in the body

A

Tissue repair and regeneration

30
Q

What type of country is typically associated with a constrictive population pyramid

A

Developed countries with low birth and death rates

31
Q

What is a significant factor contributing to the decrease in fertility rates

A

Increased access to effective birth control

32
Q

What additional information can be extrapolated from a population pyramid

A

All of the above:

Economic development
Migration patterns
Historical events

33
Q

What is the primary mechanism through which a low sugar diet slows down aging

A

By reducing the formation of crosslinks

34
Q

How does consuming foods high in sugars contribute to aging

A

It accelerates the formation of crosslinks

35
Q

Why is cellular senescence considered a protective mechanism

A

It prevents the development of cancer

36
Q

Which of the following symptoms may indicate advanced arterial hypertension

A

All of the above

Nausea
Vomiting
Occipital headache
Shortness of breath

37
Q

Stem cell exhaustion contributes to an increase in regenerative capacity over time

VF

A

False

38
Q

What process is responsible for clearing damages mitochondria from cells

A

Mitophagy

39
Q

What is the consequence of protein accumulation inside cells

A

Cellular dysfunction

40
Q

How does the shape of a population pyramid change as a population ages

A

It becomes WIDER at the top

41
Q

What are some characteristics of aging

A

Heterogeneity and singularity

42
Q

Pyramid hypertension primarily stems from various etiologies, yet which factor is not typically associated with its development

A

Endocrine disease

43
Q

How does protein accumulation affect blood vessels

A

It makes them more fragile

44
Q

What has led to the shift in the causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic conditions

A

Improvements in medical technologies

45
Q

In which type of country is an expensive population pyramid typically found

A

DEVELOPING countries with HIGH BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

46
Q

Which aging disease is associated with protein accumulation in the brain

A

Alzheimer’s

47
Q

How is aging defined

A

A progressive physiological process occurring from conception onwards

48
Q

What does a stationary population pyramid indicate

A

Stable birth and death rates

49
Q

What happens when mitochondria evade destruction through Mitophagy

A

They accumulate in cells

50
Q

Which stage of the demographic transition model is characterized by high birth rates and death rates, resulting in minimal population growth?

A

Stage 1
HIGH STATIONARY

Geriatria (5 decks)

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