Epidemiology And Demography

Question 1

Population aging

Answer 1

Shift in distribution of a countries population towards older ages
*** la population se vuelve más older
2050 -> 1 in 6 people will be over 65

Two mayor factor: decreasing fertility and increasing longevity

Question 2

Main determinant of population aging

Answer 2

Falling fertility rates lead to smaller youth cohorts

Accessible and effective birth control
Increase child survival
Cultural changes

1950 -> 5 hijos
2010 -> menos 50%
2050 -> 2.25 per woman

Question 3

Increased life expectancy

Answer 3

Change in causes of death to non communicable diseases and chronic conditions

I ^
V Tabaco consumption I Medical improvements

1950 -> 47 years old
Now -> 70 years old

I 77 yo (en un futuro)

Question 4

Population pyramids

Answer 4

Graph showing age and sex

2 back to back bar graphs for each sex showing % of number of individual from youngest to oldest

Reveals: birth rates, death rates and life expectancy

Additionally: effects of historical events, economic development and future demographic trends

Question 5

Implications of aging

Answer 5

• transition from expansive to constrictive low birth, high life expectancy
• anticipating healthcare

Question 6

Expansive pyramid

Answer 6

Developing countries

High birth rates and death rates (low life expectancy)
Each group smaller than the age before it fast grow population with few elders

  *
 ***
*****    *******   *********  *********** *************

Question 7

Constrictive pyramids

Answer 7

Wealthy, industrialized, developed countries

HIGH literacy, access to birth control and health care
LOW birth rates and death rates with HIGH life expectancy

Narrow base more people in the middle

    **
   ****
 ******    ********   *********
*******
  *****
    ***
     **

Question 8

Stationary pyramids

Answer 8

Relative stable birth and death rates consistent width across age groups

Shape -> rectangle with tapering at the top

Slow growth of the population

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Question 9

Demographic transition model

Answer 9

Process from high birth and death rates to low

Based on historical trends to suggest population trends to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as the country develops $$$

Social and economic forces impact

Question 10

Demographic transition model
STAGES 1

Answer 10

HIGH STATIONARY

HIGH birth / death
Population singe constant stable or slow increase

Question 11

Demographic transition model
STAGES 2

Answer 11

EARLY EXPANDING
Modern medicine lowers death
HIGH births rapid population growth

Question 12

Demographic transition model
STAGES 3

Answer 12

LATE EXPANDING
Decrease in birth because of $ and technology, in slow population growth
Woman status, birth control changes in social norms

Question 13

Demographic transition model
STAGES 4

Answer 13

LOW STATIONARY
LOW birth and death because of strong economies, minimal population growth
High education / healthcare, working women

Question 14

Demographic transition model
STAGES 5

Answer 14

Yet to be seen if > 2 kids
LOW population

Question 15

Demographic transition and aging in Mexico

Answer 15

Slow and reduced accelerate growth, consolidate urban profile, intensified migratory activity

LOW mortality in 30s-60s leading a 3% high in population

Highest births in the 70s leading the implementation of General Population law in 1974 creating CONAPO

They gave rise with the program NAtional Family Planning in 1977 and using contraceptive methods

UN -> 2020. 60+ 14.5 M -> 119%
2050. 60+. 1 in 4 people 40 M

Question 16

Mexico’s challenges

Answer 16

Healthy aging -> changing increase in life expectancy to a quality life

Improving income security to elders enhancing their health and well being

Question 17

3 types of population pyramids

Answer 17

-expansive pyramid
- constrictive pyramid
- stationary pyramid

Question 18

CONAPO

Answer 18

National Population Council