Parathyroid

Question 1

Position of superior parathyroid gland

Answer 1

More consistent; posterior aspect of upper and middle thyroid lobes @ CRICOID LEVEL

Question 2

Position of inferior parathyroid glands

Answer 2

Usually located 1 cm from where inferior thyroid artery crosses the RLN

Question 3

Blood supply of parathyroid glands

Answer 3

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 4

Most common locatiotn of supernumerary glands

Answer 4

Thymus

Question 5

Most common location of ectopic parathyroid glands

Answer 5

Paraesophageal

Question 6

Definition of pituitary macroadenoma

Answer 6

> 10mm

Question 7

Definition of giant pituitary tumors

Answer 7

> 40mm

Question 8

Indications for parathyroidectomy

Answer 8

Age < 50
Serum Calcium > 1mg/dL above upper limits of normal
Life-threatening hypercalcemic crisis
Creatinine clearance reduced by 30%
(+) kidney stones
Markedly elevated 24-h urine Ca (>400 mg/d)
Decreased bone mineral density (>2.5 SD)

Question 9

Used for pre-op localizatiotn

Answer 9

Sestamibi scan

Question 10

Discuss parathyroid hyperplasia

Answer 10

Pag 2 parathyroid glands abnormal, assumption is it’s PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA.
*perform 3.5 parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy + autotransplantation

Question 11

Describe osteitis fibrosa cystica

Answer 11

Brown tumor

Skeletal disorder brought about by osteoclastic bone resorption due to high PTH