Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulating activities of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Predominantly motor. Very little proprioreceptive
Somatic Nervous System
The portion of the Peripheral Nervous System that supplies the gross body Soma. Silhouette of our body
Conscious control of skeletal muscles - like a painful cramp and massaging it out.
Mixed Nerves - motor and sensory
Autonomic Nervous System Details
Subconscious Control of Visceral Activities - organs, glands, smooth, and cardiac
Predominantly Motor - When it fires, it will cause an action of some type of secretion of a gland or contraction of a muscle.
Predominantly controlled by Hypothalamus
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight System Thoracal Lumbar Division;
Because of the Spinal Cord. Because the nerve roots comes out of T1 and L2. Travels out with normal spinal nerves but only in between those two. Ramps you up for an emergency
Parasympathetic System
Opposite of the Sympathetic System. Antithesis of the Sympathetic system.
Rest and Digest system. Rest and Repose system.
Known as the cranial Sacral. Fibers or nerves come off of the brain stem and cord levels S 2, 3, 4. Not vertebral levels but cord levels. Cord levels are higher.
Cranial Sacral Division
- Pupils
(P) Pupils will constrict
(S) Pupils will dilate
- Digestion/Glands
(P) Rest and Digestion Increase in secretion and blood supply
(S) decrease in secretion and blood supply to the digestive tract
- Smooth Muscle
(P) Increase in activity, increase in digestive tone
(S) decrease in activity, decrease in digestive muscle tone
- Digestion
(P) If everything is normal and relaxed digestion continues as it should, increase in contraction in the small intestines and stomach
(S) decrease in activity, decrease in activity for example like disney land, increase in adrenaline but decrease in gastric motility, won’t go to bathroom for day, decrease in movement of stuff through digestive tract, smooth muscle digestive tract
- Respiratory Passages
(P) Bronchial constriction
(S) Bronchial dilation
Gotta run away from something. Larger passage ways to bring in more air and out of the respiratory system
- Heart
(P) Decrease in heart rate
(S) Increase in heart rate with Force of Contraction for example running away from bear
- Skin Vessels
(P) No Innervation
(S) Constriction at skin vessel. Lots of blood vessel, divert blood from skin to skeletal muscles and the brain stem, so you could survive that event. Blushing is a sympathetic event. Evolved over time.
- Skeletal Muscle
(P) No Innervation
(S) Dilation to occur; More oxygen
Adrenal Glands
(P) No Neurotransmitters
(S) Release epinepherine and norepinepherine.
Sympathetic Nervous System
General Architect for Sympathetic Nervous System
Pre-ganglionic Fibers - Short and White - Myelinated
Synapses at Ganglion of Sympathetic Nervous System
Post-ganglionic Fibers - Long and Gray - Unmyelinated
Target Organ - Some type of effect
White Rami Communicans
From Spinal Nerve to Sympathetic cell body
Pre-ganglion fiber.
The fiber comes off of the spinal nerve to go to the ganglion and then back again
Gray Rami Communicans
From Ganglia Posteriorly
Post-ganglion fiber.
The fiber comes off of the ganglion back to spinal nerve
Autonomic Ganglia
Autonomic ganglia has a cell body and a synapse but dorsal root ganglion doesn’t
Autonomic ganglia is a motor, not a sensory cell body compared to dorsal root ganglia which is sensory
Parasympathetic Nervous System
General Parasympathetic Nervous System Architecture
Craniosacral Division S 2,3,4 or Brainstem
Long Pre-ganglion Fiber - White and Myelinated
Nerve Plexus
Synapse at Ganglion of Parasympathetic Nervous System
Post-ganglionic Fibers - Short and Gray - Unmyelinated
Target Organ - Some type of Effect
Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
Series of ganglia lying in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column
Function:
To receive preganglionic fibers from the lateral horn; sympathetic division (T1-L2)
Fibers terminate in the skin to innervate (connect with nerves) (if they synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglia, the postganglionic fibers will go to the skin
To do several things: increase sweat glands of the skin, vessels of the skin, goose bumps
Collateral Ganglia
The fibers come out co laterally on both sides
Preganglionic fibers ‘splanchnic nerves that pass through the sympathetic ganglia to synapse in one of the three collateral ganglia.
Located anterior to the vertbral column
Function:
Innervate organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
Ciliac Ganglion innervates the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen (T5-T9)
Name 3 Collateral Ganglia
Celiac Ganglion
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
Celiac Ganglion
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen
T5 - T9
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
Covers the small intestine and part of the large intestine
Go through Sympathetic chain and go out to the Superior mesenteric and synapse, the post-ganglionic fibers goes to the small and part of the large intestine
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
Large Intestine, Kidneys, bladder, and sex organs
Go through Sympathetic chain and go out to the superior mesenteric and synapse, the post-ganglionic fibers goes to the kidneys, bladder, and sex organs
Adrenal Glands
Epinepherine creates that woosh of adrenaline. Produce epinephrine. Adrenaline goes to blood supply. Lots of the parts of the body. Synapse within the organ. Myelinated but unmyelinated at the organ. Happens rapidly
Adrenal Medulla
Located on top of kidneys
Preganglionic fibers pass throughthe sympathetic chain. They also pass through the collateral ganglia (celiac ganglion) without synapsing, to eventually synapse in the adrenal medulla on specialized cells that release epinephrine and norepinephrine that are then carried to the bloodstream
4 Cranial Ganglia
Sphenopalatine
Ciliary Ganglion
Submandibular
Otic Ganglion
Ciliary Ganglion
Comes off the pons and lies along the cranial nerve 3, oculomotor. Causing pupillary constriction
Submandibular ganglion
Goes to the submandibular gland and is associated with cranial nerve 7. Part of Salivation.
Parasympathetic Response
Otic Ganglion
Associated with cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal nerve) and innervated the parotid gland. Big guns in salivation
Sphenopalatine Ganglion
Sphenopalatine ganglion (pterygopalantine ganglion); travels with cranial nerve 7 to innervate the lacrimal gland causing tearing
Tearing is a parasympathetic response. Limbic System kicks in
Intramural Ganglia
Intramural means within the walls
Parasympathetic ganglia located within the walls of the effector organ
Vagus Nerve
Arises off brainstem and innervates chest and abdomen
Parasympathetic to most of thorax and abdomen
Cranial Nerve 10.
Innervates:
Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus (heart and lungs) T1-T4
Celiac Plexus Innervates the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen
Hypogastric Plexus innervates the small and part of the large intestine
Parasympathetic Nervous System Breakdown
Long PreGanglionic Fibers, Short Postganglionic Fibers
Ganglia in the walls of the organ
Plexus
Nerve network
Pelvic Nerves; Pelvic Plexus
Arise off of cord levels S 2, 3, 4 to synapse in the walls of the reproductive organs, bladder, kidney, and rectum
Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Nervous System
Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine
Preganglionic Fibers
Long and White and Myelinated
Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters at the synapse
Then Nicotinic Receptor -> Post Ganglionic Fibers
Short and gray and unmyelinated -> Synapse Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter
Target Organ have Muscarinic Receptors
Nicotinic Receptors
Synapse on both Para and Sympathetic Nervous System
Muscarinic Receptors
Mushrooms, Lucidgenic mushrooms
Sympathetic Neurotransmitters and Nervous System
Preganglionic Fibers
Short and White and Myelinated
Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters at the Synapse
Then Nicotinic Receptor -> Post Ganglionic Fibers
Long and Gray and Unmyelinated -> Synapse Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
Target Organ have Alpha and Beta Receptors
Alpha 1 and 2
Beta 1, 2, 3, 4
Nicotine
Fires on the para and sympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic Fibers
Release Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters
ACH is released from all preganglionic ANS fibers
Including Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Fibers
ACH PostSynaptic Receptor Sites
Effects on target organ dependent on the receptors on that organ
Nicotinic
Receptors for ACH on the Postganglionic synapse
Dendrites + Cell Body
Causing firing of all para and sympathetic postganglionic fibers
Muscarinic
Receptor sites on all parasympathetic target organs
Muscarine isolated from Mushroom
Sympathetic Target Organs
Results are variable causes exitation or inhibition, depending on the organ
Andrenergic Fibers
Releases epinepherine and norepinephrine
Released from most postganglionic sympathetic fibers
effects are longer lasting and more widespread
Postsynaptic Receptors
Alpha and Beta Receptors
Have variable effects depending on the specific target organs involved
