Autonomic System Packet Final

Question 1

Sensations

Answer 1

refer to the state of awareness of external or internal body

conditions

Question 2

Receptors

Answer 2

specialized nervous tissue that picks up a stimulus and converts it to a nerve impulse

Question 3

Stimuli

Answer 3

is how a sensation is perceived (ie. light, heat, pressure, pain) *generator potential; a stimulus strong enough to cause depolarization

Question 4

Projection

Answer 4

process by which the brain perceives sensations as coming from their point of stimulation

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

the perception that a sensation is decreasing even though the stimulus is still being applied

Question 6

After Images

Answer 6

when a sensation persists even after the simulus has been removed (ex. Look at a light and then close eyes)

Question 7

Modality

Answer 7

refers to the different sensations perceived as pain, pressure, touch, proprioceptors

Question 8

Exteroceptors

Answer 8

provide information about external environment *randomly distributed, located near body surface *some areas more densely populated than others (examples: touch, pressure, cold, heat–fingertips, lips, tongue have the most receptors, the back has much fewer)

Question 9

Two Point discrimination

Answer 9

we use calipers here to measure the distance between the two closest points. The most sensitive- 1.4 mm (tongue), the least sensitive- 1.5-2 inches (back)

Question 10

Meissner’s Corpusle

Answer 10

detects touch and vibration– mass of dendrites covered by a connective tissue layer in dermal papilla, numerous in palms, soles, fingertips

Question 11

Merkel’s Disc

Answer 11

touch and pressure receptor – extremely sensitive, lies in the epidermis (takes less pressure to deform than Meissner’s corpuscle)

Question 12

Root Hair Plexus

Answer 12

surrounds hair root – touch back of hand, stimulated in hair shaft moves; Adapts quickly

Question 13

Pacinian Corpuscle

Answer 13

oval receptor, perceives deep pressure and vibration –in the deep dermis, resembles an onion skin in its connective tissue layering. Surrounds one dendrite (anterior spinothalmic tract)

Question 14

Thermoreceptors

Answer 14

-detect heat and cold. Free nerve ending, no known difference between
hot and cold receptors; travel in same pathways as pain (lateral
spinothalmic)

Question 15

Pain Receptors (Nociceptors)

Answer 15

lateral spinothalmic tract, internal or external

Question 16

Myelinated Type A Fibers- 150-300 mph

Answer 16

-carry fast or prickling (sharp) pain, localized, used in reflexes

Question 17

Unmyelinated Type C Fibers

Answer 17

carry slower, burning pain- generalized

Question 18

Enteroceptors

Answer 18

perceives sensations within the body

Question 19

Chemoreceptors

Answer 19

determine pH levels, O2 and CO2 levels, hormone levels,
taste, smell, etc.
-located throughout the body, but also have specific
chemoreceptors

Question 20

Carotid Body

Answer 20

located at the branch of internal and external carotid aortic arch.

Question 21

Aortic Body

Answer 21

located between major branches of aortic arch

Question 22

Baroreceptors

Answer 22

monitor changes in internal pressure in vessel walls, digestive
tract, respirtory tract (ie. carotid sinus (internal) and aortic sinus
monitor blood pressure)

Question 23

Proprioceptors

Answer 23

monitor joint position, muscle, ligament and tendon tension.

Aka. kinesthetic sense

Question 24

Joint Kinesthetic Receptors

Answer 24

-in joint capsule; inform on degree and rate of joint angulation
(anterior spinocerebellar)

Question 25

Neuromuscular Spindles

Answer 25

in skeletal muscle; inform on degree of muscle stretch (posterior spinocerebellar)

Question 26

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 26

located at junction of muscle and tendon; inform on amount of tension applied here