Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MODULE 16 - Alimentary Tract Disease > PARASITOLOGY - Small Animal Gastrointestinal Parasites > Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY - Small Animal Gastrointestinal Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main ascarids seen in small animals?

A

Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxocara leonina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the host species for toxocara canis?

A

Dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the lifecycle of toxocara canis

A
  1. Eggs containing L3 larvae are ingested
  2. L3 hatch in the small intestine
  3. L3 migrate to the tissues and go into arrest
  4. L3 activate in response to pregnancy (around 3 weeks pre-partum)
  5. L3 migrate across the placenta and into the foetal lungs
  6. At birth, L3 migrate to the small intestine of the puppy via the trachea where they are coughed up and ingested
  7. L3 develop into L4 larvae and then into adults in the small intestine
  8. Female Toxocara Canis adults produce eggs which are excreted into the environment in the faeces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four routes of transmission for toxocara canis?

A

Oral
Transplacental
Transmammary
Paratenic hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which method of transmission allows for 100% transmission of toxocara canis?

A

Transplacental transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When are puppies reinfected with toxocara canis and why?

A

Puppies are reinfected with toxocara canis at 5 weeks old due to transmammary transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pre-patent period for toxocara canis?

A

16 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical signs of toxocara canis in puppies?

A

Pot belly
Failure to thrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should you administer anthelmintics to treat toxocara canis in puppies?

A

You should treat for toxocara canis at 16 days after birth and at 5 weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should anthelmintics be given to pregnant bitches to treat Toxocara Canis?

A

You should treat pregnant bitches for toxocara canis three weeks pre-partum and two days post partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which anthelmintic should be used to treat pregnant bitches for toxocara canis?

A

High dose fenbendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the host species for toxocara cati?

A

Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three routes of transmission for toxocara cati?

A

Oral
Transmammary
Paratenic host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most important route of transmission for toxocara cati?

A

Transmammary transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pre-patent period for toxocara cati?

A

8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the host species for toxocara leonina?

A

Dogs
Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the routes of transmission for toxocara leonina?

A

Oral
Paratenic hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pre-patent period for toxocara leonina?

A

11 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you differentiate betwene toxocara canis/cati and toxocara leonina eggs?

A

Toxocara canis/cati have pitted egg shells whereas toxocara leonina have smooth egg shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two forms of disease seen in humans infected with toxocara canis/cati?

A

Visceral larva migrans (VLM)
Ocular larva migrans (OLM)

21
Q

What are the two most important species of hookworms in small animals?

A

Ancylostoma caninum
Uncinaria stenocephala

22
Q

Which small animal hookworm is found in the UK?

A

Uncinaria stenocephala

23
Q

What is the infective stage of hookworms?

A

L3 larvae

24
Q

What is the host species for ancylostoma caninum?

A

Dogs

25
Q

Describe the lifecycle of ancylostoma caninum

A
  1. L3 larvae are ingested or penetrate the skin migrate into the lower limbs where they will travel in the circulation to the lungs to be coughed up and ingested
  2. L3 migrate to the skeletal muscle and go into arrest, or they migrate to the small intestine and develop into adult worms where they will feed on small intestinal mucosa and blood
  3. The mature female worms will produce eggs which are excreted in the faeces, eggs will hatch and develop into L3 larvae in the environment
  4. L3 activate in response to pregnancy
  5. L3 larvae will migrate to the mammary glands and infect puppies through transmammary transmission
  6. At birth, L3 migrate to the small intestine of the puppy via the trachea where they are coughed up and ingested
  7. L3 develop into adults in the small intestine and feed on small intestinal mucosa and blood
  8. Female Toxocara Canis adults produce eggs which are excreted into the environment in the faeces
26
Q

What are the routes of transmission for ancylostoma caninum?

A

Oral
Percutaneous
Transmammary

27
Q

How many litters of puppies can be affected by transmammary transmission of ancylostoma caninum?

A

Three consecutive litters can be affected by transmammary transmission of ancylostoma caninum

28
Q

How can ancylostoma be transmitted to humans?

A

Ancylostoma caninum can penetrate the skin and migrate through the lower limbs of humans

29
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of ancylostoma caninum

A

Hookworms bury their heads into small intestinal mucosa and ingest blood and mucosa through the production of lytic factors, anticoagulants and various proteases which degrade haemoglobin. Hookworms will move to different locations around the intestinal mucosa six times a day, leaving the vacated feeding sites to continue to bleed, resulting in anaemia and protein enteropathy

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of ancylostoma caninum in young animals?

A

Clinical signs of acute haemorrhage anaemia
Respiratory signs due to L3 migration through the lungs
Dematitis

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of ancylostoma caninum in older animals?

A

Clinical signs of chronic haemorrhagic anaemia
Respiratory signs due to L3 migration through the lungs
Dematitis

32
Q

How do you diagnose ancylostoma caninum?

A

Assess history
Assess clinical signs
Faecal egg count (however the eggs are not distinctive of the species)

33
Q

How do you treat ancylostoma caninum in pregnant bitches?

A

High dose fenbendazole

34
Q

How do you control ancylostoma caninum in endemic areas?

A

Administration of benzimidazoles or ivermectin or moxidectin every three months

35
Q
A
36
Q

What are the host species for uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Dogs
Cats
Foxes

37
Q

What is the route of transmission for uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Oral transmission

38
Q

(T/F) Uncinaria stenocephala is very pathogenic

A

FALSE. Uncinaria stenocephala is not very pathogenic

39
Q

How do you diagnose uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Identify eggs in the faeces

40
Q

How do you differentiate between ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala?

A

You can assess the adult worm morphology to differentiate between ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala - ancylostoma has teeth whereas uncinaria has cutting plates

41
Q

What is the other name for trichuris?

A

Whipworms

42
Q

(T/F) Trichuris are always found embedded in the mucosa of the small intestine

A

FALSE. Trichuris are always found embedded in the mucosa of the large intestine

43
Q

Which species of trichuris are found in dogs, cats and foxes?

A

Trichuris vulpis

44
Q

What is the infective stage of trichuris vulpis?

A

Egg containing L1 larvae

45
Q

Describe the lifecycle of trichuris vulpis

A
  1. Eggs containing L1 larvae are ingested by the host
  2. L1 larvae hatch in the large intestine and pentrate the large intestina mucosal glands
  3. L1 develop into L2, L3, L4 and into adults in the large intestine
  4. Adult female trichuris produce eggs which are excreted in the faeces
  5. L1 larvae develop within the air within the environment
46
Q

What are the clinical signs of trichuris vulpis?

A

Usually asymptomatic
Watery diarrhoea ± blood

47
Q

What can trichuris vulpis cause in severe cases?

A

Diptheritis enteritis
Haemorrhagic colitis

48
Q

How do you diagnose trichuris vulpis?

A

Identify eggs in the faeces (remember they have bipolar plugs)

49
Q

Which anthelmintics can you use to treat trichuris vulpis?

A

Benzimidazoles
Probenzimidazoles

MODULE 16 - Alimentary Tract Disease (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions