Parasitology II

Question 1

What are cestodes?

Answer 1

Tapeworms: segmented

Question 2

Four types of cestodes?

Answer 2

dwarf tapeworm

beef tapeworm

pork tapeworm

fish tapeworm

Question 3

dwarf tapeworm

Answer 3

most common tapeworm in US

the ony human tapeworm WITHOUT an obligatory human host

transmission via eggs

Question 4

what is the only human tapeworm without an obligatory human host?

Answer 4

dwarf tapeworm

Question 5

beef tapeworm

Answer 5

motile proglotides, evolved to escape cow pies and enter cow food so they could be eaten

Question 6

pork tapeworm

Answer 6

cysticerosis - calcified cysts everywhere, very serious if they begin to calficy in the brain

Question 7

fish tapeworm

Answer 7

lead to a vitamin b12 deficiency

Question 8

what is a trematode?

Answer 8

A fluke - non-segmented tapeworms

Question 9

lung fluke

Answer 9

undercooked crabs/crayfish

duodenum to lungs

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HEMOPTYSIS IN THE WORLD (coughing blood)

Question 10

what is the most common cause of hemoptysis?

Answer 10

coughing up blood - lung fluke

Question 11

schistosomoasis

Answer 11

fluke in state of perpetual copulation, the romantic worm, swimming in fresh water. causes katayama fever with a really long incubation period. schistosomes develop

Question 12

what causes katayama fever?

Answer 12

schistosomoasis - developing eggs after copulation (which is constant)

Question 13

what is schistosomoasis katayama fever also known as?

Answer 13

snail fever - chronic causing fibrosis due to eggs of constant sex

Question 14

What looks different in blood flukes?

Answer 14

They have a lateral spike.

hema

Question 15

are fungi eukaryotes or proks?

Answer 15

euks, like protozoa

Question 16

are fungi photosynthetic?

Answer 16

no - mycota

Question 17

What do anamorphic and telomorphic mean?

Answer 17

Anamorphic = asexual

telomorphic = sexual

Question 18

what is fungi imperfecti?

Answer 18

only asexual phase

Question 19

risk factor for schistosomaoasis?

Answer 19

swimming in fresh water

Question 20

what are the four clinical classifications of fungi?

Answer 20

1. Yeasts
2. Molds
3. dimorphic fungi (yeast-molds)
4. poisonous mushrooms- homobasidiomycetes

Question 21

Have tubes - hyphae

Answer 21

Mushrooms! homomasidiomycetes, also molds

Question 22

How do some homobasidiomycetes exporelate?

Answer 22

Fairy rings

Question 23

Yeast

Answer 23

grow by budding. no inhalational hazard - single, unconnected

DO NOT SPORULATE, rather bud

Question 24

Mold

Answer 24

have hyphae, and are connected to form a mass of hyphae - the MYCELIUM

sporulate. huge inhalational hazards - spores are absolutely everywhere

Question 25

what poses a greater inhalational hazard, yeast or mold?

Answer 25

mold - huge exporulation

Question 26

Are sexual (ascospores) or asexual (conidia) spores more common?

Answer 26

Asexual

Question 27

What yeast most commonly causes yeast infections?

Answer 27

C. albicans - anything with skin-on-skin contact

can cause serious infections if immunocompromised

SATELLITE LESIONS

Question 28

What causes satellite lesions?

Answer 28

C. albicans

Question 29

what is thrush?

Answer 29

C. albicans in the throat (yeast)

Question 30

What is endogenous?

Answer 30

Most yeast infections - they are normal flora

Question 31

What type of yeast infection is NOT endogenous but exogenous?

Answer 31

crytpococcus - comes from aerosolized bird droppings.

Question 32

What is the major virulence factor of cryptococcus?

Answer 32

capsule

Question 33

what does cryptococcus cause in people who have AIDS?

Answer 33

meningitis, pulmonary disease

CRYPTOCOCCOMA: INTRACEREBRAL MASS LESIONS

Question 34

What is a hyaline mold?

Answer 34

One whose hyphae are walled off by septa

Question 35

What is a dematiacious (earthy) mold?

Answer 35

Brown pigmented hypha