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Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

INTESTINAL TRACT

A

Entamoeba histolytica –> Amebiasis
Giardia lamblia –> Giardiasis
Cryptosporidium parvum –> Cryptosporidiosis

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2
Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

UROGENITAL TRACT

A

Trichomonas vaginalis –> Trichomoniasis

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3
Q

Types of Protozoan present in the

BLOOD AND TISSUE

A

Plasmodium spp. –> Malaria
Taxoplasma gondii –> Taxoplasmosis
Trypanosoma spp. –> Chagas disease, sleeping sickness

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4
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

strawberry

A

cervix –> trichomoniasis
tongue –> TSS, kawasaki, SF
gallbladder –> cholesterolosis

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5
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

berry

A

aneurysms –> SAH, ADPKD, coarctation of aorta

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6
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

mulberry

A

molars –> congenital syphilis

tumor –> tuberous sclerosis

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7
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

blueberry

A

muffin baby –> congenital rubella, congenital CMV

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8
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

grape-like

A

vesicles –> hydatidiform mole
clusters –> S. aureus
bunches –> sarcoma botryoides
odor –> P. aeruginosa

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9
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

cherry-red

A

epiglottis –> epiglottitis
spot in macula –> CRAO, Tay-sachs, Niemann-pick
pigment –> S. marcescens
skin –> CO poisoning

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10
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

banana-shaped

A

gametocytes –> P. falciparum

left ventricle –> hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

orange

A

peel skin –> inflammatory breast CA
cast skin –> leptospirosis
colonies –> N. asteroides

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12
Q

Fruits of Pathology:

pear-shaped

A

trophozoites –> Trichomonas, Giardia

organ –> prostate gland

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13
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Asexual cycle

A

P. falciparum: 48 hours
P. vivax: 48 hours
P. malariae: 72 hours
P. ovale: 48 hours

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14
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Periodicity

A

P. falciparum: Malignant tertian
P. vivax: Benign tertian
P. malariae: Benign quartan
P. ovale: Benign tertian

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15
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

RBC preference

A

P. falciparum: All ages
P. vivax: young RBCs
P. malariae: Old RBCs
P. ovale: young RBCs

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16
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Parasitemia

A

P. falciparum: Highest
P. vivax: Low
P. malariae: Lowest
P. ovale: Low

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17
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Merozoites

A

P. falciparum: 0
P. vivax: 12-24
P. malariae: 6-12
P. ovale: 8

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18
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Gametocytes

A

P. falciparum: Banana-shaped
P. vivax: Large round
P. malariae: Compact
P. ovale: Small round

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19
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Cerebral malaria

A

P. falciparum: Yes
P. vivax: No
P. malariae: No
P. ovale: No

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20
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Recrudescence

A

P. falciparum: Yes
P. vivax: No
P. malariae: Yes
P. ovale: No

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21
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Relapse

A

P. falciparum: No
P. vivax: Yes
P. malariae: No
P. ovale: yes

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22
Q

Malaria specie comparison in terms of

Drug resistance

A

P. falciparum: Many
P. vivax: Few
P. malariae: Few
P. ovale: Few

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23
Q

Mnemonic-Malarial Dots

A

Schuffner dots = P.Ovale & Vivax
SOVrang daming dots!
Maurer dots = coMMa-shaped = P. falciparuM

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24
Q

Treatment

Chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

Chloroquine

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25
Q

Treatment

P. vivax and P ovale infections

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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26
Q

Treatment

Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine -resistant P. falciparum

A 
Drug Therapy:
Quinine + Doxycycline / Clindamycin
Alternative Drug:
Malarone (Atavaquone-Proguanil)
OR Mefloquine
OR Co-Artemether + Lumefantrine
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27
Q

Treatment

Severe or complicated infections with P. falciparum

A 
Drug Therapy:
Artesunate + Doxycycline / Clindamycin
OR Mefloquine / Malarone
OR
Alternative Drug:
Quinidine gluconate
Artemether + Doxycycline / Clindamycin 
OR Mefloquine / Malarone
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28
Q

Mnemonic-Malarial Dots

A

Schuffner dots = P.Ovale & Vivax
SOVrang daming dots!
Maurer dots = coMMa-shaped = P. falciparuM

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29
Q

Treatment

Chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

Chloroquine

30
Q

Treatment

P. vivax and P ovale infections

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

31
Q

Treatment

Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine -resistant P. falciparum

A 
Drug Therapy:
Quinine + Doxycycline / Clindamycin
Alternative Drug:
Malarone (Atavaquone-Proguanil)
OR Mefloquine
OR Co-Artemether + Lumefantrine
32
Q

Treatment

Severe or complicated infections with P. falciparum

A 
Drug Therapy:
Artesunate + Doxycycline / Clindamycin
OR Mefloquine / Malarone
OR
Alternative Drug:
Quinidine gluconate
Artemether + Doxycycline / Clindamycin 
OR Mefloquine / Malarone
33
Q

Prophylactic Treatment for areas without resistant P. falciparum

A

Chloroquine

34
Q

Prophylactic Treatment for areas with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Malarone / Mefloquine

35
Q

Prophylactic Treatment for areas with multidrug-resistant P. falciparum

A

Doxycycline

36
Q

Prophylactic Treatment for Terminal prophylaxis of P.vivax and P.ovale infections; alternative for primary prevention

A

Primaquine

37
Q

Mnemonic-Sleeping Sickness

A

Think WaGER
West = Gambian –> Western Gate
East = Rhodesian –> Eastern Road

38
Q

Mnemonic-Treatment of Sleeping Sickness

A

It SURe is nice to go to SLEEP. MELAtonin helps with SLEEP.

SURAmin-MELArsoprol is used for African SLEEPing sickness.

39
Q

What is responsible for patients with facial paresthesia, total paralysis, respiratory failure?

A

Syndrome: Paralytic
Toxin: Saxitoxin
Incubation: 15mins

40
Q

What is responsible for patients with facial paresthesia, slurred speech, ataxia, diarrhea?

A

Syndrome: Neurotoxic
Toxin: Brevetoxin
Incubation: 15mins

41
Q

What is responsible for patients with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain?

A

Syndrome: Diarrhetic
Toxin: Okadaic acid
Incubation: 30mins

42
Q

What is responsible for patients with diarrhea, short-term memory loss, seizures?

A

Syndrome: Amnesic
Toxin: Domoic acid
Incubation: 30mins

43
Q 
T. Solium
Transmission:
Intermediate Host:
Site Affected:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: eggs / larvae in undercooked pork
Intermediate Host: Pigs
Site Affected: Intestine
Treatment: Praziquantel

44
Q 
T. Saginata
Transmission:
Intermediate Host:
Site Affected:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: in uncooked beef
Intermediate Host: Cattle
Site Affected: Intestine
Treatment: Praziquantel

45
Q 
D. Latum
Transmission:
Intermediate Host:
Site Affected:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: arvae in uncooked fish
Intermediate Host: Fish
Site Affected: Intestine
Treatment: Praziquantel

46
Q 
E. Granulosus
Transmission:
Intermediate Host:
Site Affected:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: eggs in food contaminated with dog feces
Intermediate Host: Sheep
Site Affected: Liver
Treatment: Albendazole

47
Q 
S. japonicum
Transmission:
Sites Affected:
Intermediate Hosts:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: Penetrate skin
Sites Affected: Liver
Intermediate Hosts: Snail
Treatment: Praziquantel

48
Q 
P. westermani
Transmission:
Sites Affected:
Intermediate Hosts:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: Ingested with raw crab
Sites Affected: Lung
Intermediate Hosts: Snail and crab
Treatment: Praziquantel

49
Q 
C. sinensis
Transmission:
Sites Affected:
Intermediate Hosts:
Treatment:
A

Transmission: Ingested with raw fish
Sites Affected: Liver
Intermediate Hosts: Snail and fish
Treatment:Praziquantel

50
Q 
NEMATODES Species Ascaris
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Ascariasis
Transmission: Ingestion of eggs
Treatment: Albendazole

51
Q 
NEMATODES Species Ancylostoma and Necator
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Hookworm
Transmission: Larval penetration of skin
Treatment: Albendazole

52
Q 
NEMATODES Species Trichuris
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Whipworm
Transmission:Ingestion of eggs
Treatment: Mebendazole

53
Q 
NEMATODES Species Enterobius
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Pinworm
Transmission: Ingestion of eggs
Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate

54
Q 
NEMATODES Species Strongyloides
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Stronggyloidiasis
Transmission: Larval penetration of skin
Treatment: Ivermectin

55
Q 
NEMATODES Species Capillaria
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Intestines
Disease: Capillariasis
Transmission: eggs in undercooked fish
Treatment: Albendazole

56
Q 
NEMATODES Species Wuchereria and Brugia
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Tissue
Disease: Filariasis
Transmission: Mosquito bite
Treatment: DEC

57
Q 
NEMATODES Species Trichinella
Location:
Disease:
Transmission:
Treatment:
A

Location: Tissue
Disease: Trichinosis
Transmission: Larvae in uncooked meat
Treatment: Thiabendazole

58
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Appearance

A

Wuchereria: Smoothly curved
Brugia: Kinky

59
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Terminal Nuclei

A

Wuchereria: Absent
Brugia: Present

60
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Prevalence

A

Wuchereria: Widespread
Brugia: SEA only

61
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Mosquito vectors

A

Wuchereria: Culex, Aedes, Anopheles
Brugia: Mansonia

62
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Preference

A

Wuchereria: Scrotal lymphatics
Brugia: Limb lymphatics

63
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Clinical Picture

A

Wuchereria: Hydrocoele
Brugia: Elephantiasis

64
Q

Wuchereria VS Brugia

Severity

A

Wuchereria: More severe
Brugia: Less severe

65
Q

What causes Pruritis of scalf or trunk; nits seen on hair shaft?

A

Lice

Pediculus humanus

66
Q

What causes Pruritis in pubic area; nits seen on hair shaft?

A

Lice

Phthirus pubis

67
Q

What causes Pruritic, painful, and erythematous nodule; larva may be seen emerging from nodule

A

Flies

Dermatobia hominis

68
Q

What causes Pruritic, erythematous wheal?

A

Bedbugs

Cimex lectularius

69
Q

What causes Pruritic, erythematous papules, and linear tracks?

A

Mites

Sarcoptes scabei

70
Q

What causes Ascending paralysis?

A

Ticks

Dermacentor

Microbiology (8 decks)

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