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Microbiology > Parasitology 2008 > Flashcards

Parasitology 2008 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hookworms can cause iron deficiency anemia which is characterized as:

A

Hypochromic, microcytic

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2
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale is characterized by the following, EXCEPT :

A

A. the infective filariform larvae penetrates skin and may cause ground itch. / B. larvae migrate through the lungs and are swallowed / C. iron deficiency anemia occurs in chronic cases / D. the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminth in the Philippines*

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3
Q

All cestodes (tapeworms) have the following structures, EXCEPT:

A

A. Proglottids / B. Scolex / C. Neck / D. Spicules*

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4
Q

This tapeworm may complete its life cycle in man without the need of an intermediate host:

A

Hymenolepis nana

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5
Q

This tapeworm may cause cysticercosis when its eggs are ingested by man.

A

Taenia solium

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6
Q

This tapeworm may cause a hydatid cyst in man:

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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7
Q

A 10 year old female from Samar presents with hepatosplenomegaly. You would want to run diagnostic tests to rule out

A

Schistosomiasis

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8
Q

The following areas are endemic for schistosomiasis, EXCEPT:

A

A. Leyte, Mindoro, Samar / B. Davao, Sorsogon, Bukidnon / C. Cebu, Pampanga* / D. None of the above

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9
Q

The COPT is a diagnostic test which demonstrates the presence of antibodies against:

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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10
Q

A 10 year old girl from Samar presented with an enlarged abodmen. Splenomegaly was apparent and a Kato Thick Smear showed eggs with laterla knobs. This child is probably infected with:

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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11
Q

The drug of choice for schistosomiasis and most trematode (fluke) infections is:

A

Praziquantel

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12
Q

The drug of choice for taeniasis and most cestode (tapeworm) infections is:

A

Praziquantel

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13
Q

The drug of choice for invasive amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis is:

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

The recommended diagnostic test for Enterobius vermicularis (seatworm/pinworm) is :

A

Peri-anal or Cellulose Tape Swab

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15
Q

Which of the following laboratory examinations would be the BEST step in identifying parasites responsible for chronic diarrhea:

A

examination of concentrated stools using formol-ether concentration technique

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16
Q

Giardiasis can be diagnosed with the following methods, EXCEPT

A

A. Formol Ether Concentration Test / B. The string test – where a ball of weighted string is ingested and pulled out to examine trophozoites / C. Immunofluroescence / D. Kato-Katz Smear*

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17
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in:

A

South America

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18
Q

The tse-tse flies, Glossina sp., are the vectors for

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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19
Q

Romana’s sign, a swelling of the periorbital area, may be seen in :

A

Trypanosoma cruzi:

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20
Q

In cases of chronic diarrhea in communities where raw or inadequately cooked fish is traditionally eaten, which parasite would most likely be implicated?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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21
Q

Which of these parasites is fish-borne and causes chronic diarrhea?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

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22
Q

Which of these parasites is snail-borne and causes diarrhea?

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

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23
Q

In cases of chronic diarrhea with an underlying HIV infection, which parasite is most likely to be involved?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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24
Q

For which parasitic infections are repeated (periodic) chemotherapy of population groups a valid preventive and control measure?

A

Ascaris, Trichuris, Hookworms, and Schistosoma

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25
Q

Why would Schistosoma japonicum persist despite identifying and treating all infected individuals in a community?

A

Farm and domestic animals are reservoir hosts of Schistosoma japonicum

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26
Q

Autoinfection occurs in the following, EXCEPT:

A

A. Capillaria philippinensis / B. Strongyloides stercoralis / C. Enterobius vermicularis / D. Schistosoma japonicum*

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27
Q

Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are best differentiated by:

A

stool ELISA

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28
Q

Bloody diarrhoea can be due to this parasitic infection:

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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29
Q

The following can be acquired by drinking fecally-contaminated water, EXCEPT:

A

A. Entamoeba histolytica / B. Giardia lamblia / C. Capillaria philippinensis* / D. Cryptosporidium parvum

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30
Q

Intestinal obstruction is a complication of :

A

Ascaris

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31
Q

Skin penetration is the mode of infection of:

A

Hookworm

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32
Q

Erratic migration into the bile duct occurs in:

A

Ascaris

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33
Q

The stage of Enterobius vermicularis that is infective to man is :

A

embryonated egg

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34
Q

The stages of development of Plasmodium which are responsible for malaria transmission :

A

gametocytes

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35
Q

The following provinces are endemic for malaria, EXCEPT:

A

A. Palawan / B. Mindoro / C. Sulu / D. Cebu*

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36
Q

As a malaria preventive measure, chemoprophylaxis is indicated for the following high risk groups EXCEPT:

A

A. pregnant women / B. Tourists / C. occupationally exposed groups / D. permanent residents*

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37
Q

As a malaria control measure, the use of Permethrin-treated mosquito nets is effective, EXCEPT:

A

A. in killing the larval stages of Anopheles* / B. in killing the adult stages /C. in repelling the adult stages / D. in preventing man-vector contact

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38
Q

The drug of choice for severe and complicated malaria is:

A

Quinine

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39
Q

The presence of schizonts in a P. falciparum smear indicates the following:

A

bad prognosis

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40
Q

Malabsorption and steattorhea (fatty stools) may be a clinical feature of this infection:

A

Giardia lamblia

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41
Q

Strawberry cervix may be a clinical feature of this infection:

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

42
Q

Tse-tse fly is the vector for:

A

Trypanosoma brucei

43
Q

Skin penetration is the mode of infection of:

A

Schistosoma

44
Q

The natural mode of transmission of Plasmodium is

A

mosquito bite

45
Q

The predominant species of Plasmodium in the Philippines is

A

Plasmodium falciparum

46
Q

The species which causes cerebral malaria is

A

P. falciparum

47
Q

The most common site in extra-intestinal amoebiasis is

A

Right lobe of the liver

48
Q

The infective stage of this nematode is a larval stage, EXCEPT

A

A. Hookworms / B. Capillaria philippinensis / C. Strongyloides stercoralis / D. Trichuris trichiura*

49
Q

The following statements are true regarding Capillaria philippinensis, EXCEPT:

A

A. The intermediate host is a fish / B. The natural definitive host is most probably migratory birds / C. Diarrhea, abdominal pain and borborygmi compose the clinical triad of capillariasis. / D. The infective stage is the embryonated egg*

50
Q

The main pathology in schistosomiasis is:

A

granuloma formation around eggs

51
Q

The habitat of the adult Schistosoma japonicum is the:

A

mesenteric veins

52
Q

Most common cause of death in chronic schistosomiasis is:

A

bleeding esophageal varices

53
Q

The following statements are true regarding paragonimiasis and TB:

A

Clinical manifestations (chronic cough, hemoptysis) are similar

54
Q

The following statements are true regarding transmission of Paragonimus, EXCEPT:

A

A. The infective stage is found in the muscles and gills of the mountain crab. / B. The crab is commonly eaten inadequately cooked / C. The ova are expelled only in feces* / D. Snails serve as first intermediate hosts.

55
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with:

A

Opistorchis spp.

56
Q

The best time to collect blood to diagnose bancroftian filariasis:

A

between 10 pm and 2 am

57
Q

The pathology caused by adult Ascaris include the following EXCEPT:

A

A. intestinal obstruction / B. Cholecystitis / C. Volvulus / D. Pneumonitis*

58
Q

Clinical manifestations of angiostrongylosis may be any of the following EXCEPT:

A

A. Asthma* / B. impairment of memory / C. Disorientation / D. Incoherence

59
Q

Which of the following preventive measures are specific for strongyloidiasis and hookworm infection?

A

use of protective shoes and gloves

60
Q

One of the following is not true about the seatworm (Enterobius):

A

eggs undergo development in the soil

61
Q

Respiratory symptoms can be observed in the following conditions, EXCEPT:

A

A. Ascariasis / B. Necatoriasis / C. Strongyloidiasis / D. Trichuriasis*

62
Q

The trematode which is transmitted by skin penetration of infective cercaria

A

Schistosoma japonicum

63
Q

Granuloma formation and subsequent fibrosis around schistosome eggs result in the following EXCEPT:

A

A. portal hypertension / B. Hepatosplenomegaly / C. portosystemic collateral circulation / D. intestinal fistulas*

64
Q

Relapse which is caused by reactivation of hypnozoites is present in the following Plasmodial species:

A

P. vivax

65
Q

Malignant tertian fever is present in the following Plasmodial species:

A

P. falciparum

66
Q

The following mechanisms cause severe malarial anemia EXCEPT

A

A. post - schizogonic mechanical destruction of RBCs / B. complement- mediated lysis of RBCs / C. immune-mediated depression of erythropoiesis / D. severe blood loss*

67
Q

The presence of schizonts in a P.falciparum smear indicates the following:

A

bad prognosis

68
Q

Quartan malaria is characterized by a 72-hour (3-day) cycle of fever, chills and sweating> This is caused by::

A

Plasmodium malariae

69
Q

The flask-shaped ulcer is the characteristic lesion of the following protozoa:

A

Entameba histolyitca

70
Q

The species of ameba which causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis is:

A

Naegleria

71
Q

In communities of high socio- economic status, food borne amebiasis is transmitted through:

A

food handlers who are asymptomatic cyst passers

72
Q

“Barbers-pole” is one of the diagnostic features of:

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

73
Q

Man acquires infection with Trichinella spiralis by:

A

ingestion of half-cooked meat containing encysted larvae

74
Q

Trichinosis in man can be diagnosed by the following EXCEPT:

A

A. stool examination* / B. biopsy of superficial skeletal muscle / C. Bentonite flocculation test (BFT) / D. Fluorescent antibody test

75
Q

Chiclero’s ulcer, usually found in the ear lobe, may be seen in :

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

76
Q

Winterbottom’s sign, a swelling of posterior cervical nodes, may be seen in :

A

Trypanosoma brucei

77
Q

Espundia, a form of mucocutaneous ulcer, may be seen in :

A

Leishmania braziliense

78
Q

Kala azar is characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin and splenomegaly with amastigotes found in the involved organs. The protozoan that causes this is:

A

Leishmania donovani

79
Q

Hydrocoele is most likely caused by :

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

80
Q

Nocturial periodicity is demonstrated by :

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

81
Q

Confluent body nuclei is characterstic of :

A

Brugia malayi

82
Q

The large intestine is the natural habitat of this adult worm :

A

Trichuris trichiura

83
Q

Which is true concerning cutaneous larva migrans:

A

Man is an accidental host

84
Q

Rectal prolapse can occur with this infection :

A

Trichuris trichiura

85
Q

Perianal itching is a manifestation of infection with :

A

Enterobius vermicularis

86
Q

The lungs is the natural habitat of this adult worm :

A

Paragonimus westermani

87
Q

Larvae pass through the lungs for all of these worms, EXCEPT :

A

A. Ascaris lumbricoides / B. Trichuris trichiura* / C. Ancylostoma duodenale / D. Necator americanus

88
Q

These parasites can all cause significant anemia, EXCEPT:

A

A. Ascaris lumbricoides* / B. Trichuris trichiura / C. Ancylostoma duodenale / D. Plasmodium falciparum

89
Q

These parasites can involve the heart, EXCEPT :

A

A. Heterophyes / B. Trypanosoma cruzi / C. Trypanosoma brucei* / D. Haplorchis sp.

90
Q

These parasites have obligate intracellular stages, EXCEPT :

A

A. Entamoeba histolytica* / B. Cryptosporidium parvum / C. Plasmodium falciparum / D. Leishmania sp.

91
Q

The species of ameba which can cause keratitis is:

A

Acanthameba

92
Q

The following molecules are associated with the virulence of E. histolytica, EXCEPT:

A

A. Lectin / B. cystein protease / C. Amebapore / D. excretions / secretions*

93
Q

In the circumoval precipitin test (COPT), the specimen to be collected from the patient is:

A

whole blood

94
Q

The stage of the filaria parasite which is responsible for chronic deforming disease is is:

A

Adult

95
Q

Man is an accidental host of the following parasites, EXCEPT:

A

A. Raillietina garissoni / B. Dipylidium caninum / C. Hymenolepis nana / D. Taenia sagniata*

96
Q

The following statements are true of animal hookworms, EXCEPT:

A

A. They do not develop into adult stage in man / B. They produce respiratory symptoms in man*/ C. They produce serpiginous lesions on human skin / D. They are provided with definite dentition

97
Q

A 4-year old boy had skin lesions which showed burrowing tracks in the skin and intense itching in the affected area. Application of lindane resulted in improvement. The lesions were most probably due to:

A

scabies

98
Q

The infective stage of Ascaris and Trichuris is the :

A

embryonated egg

99
Q

An 18 year old female complained of vaginal discharge. A smear of the discharge showed a pear-shaped, flagellated organism. This pathogen is:

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

100
Q

The reduviid or kissing bugs are vectors for :

A

American trypanosomiasis

Microbiology (8 decks)

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