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TOP THE BOARDS!!!!!! > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Permanent association of 2 organisms that cannot exist independently

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

Relationship beneficial to both associates

A

Mutualism

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3
Q

Hosts that transmit parasite to man

A

Vectors

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4
Q

Vectors that are essential to life

A

Biologic vectors

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5
Q

Vectors that are non-essential to life

A

Phoretic or mechanical vectors

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6
Q

Parasites that infest (live on the outside)

A

Ectoparasite

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7
Q

Parasites that infect (live within the body of host)

A

Endoparasite

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8
Q

Parasites that are capable of leading both free and parasitic existence

A

Facultative or opportunistic

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9
Q

Take up permanent residence and completely upon host cell

A

Obligate parasite

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10
Q

Establishes itself in a host in which it does not ordinarily live

A

Incidental parasite

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11
Q

Free-living during part of its existence and seeks host intermittently to obtain nourishment

A

Temporary parasite

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12
Q

Causes injury to host

A

Pathogenic parasite

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13
Q

Foreign species passing through alimentary tract without infecting the host

A

Coprozoic or spurious

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14
Q

Individual harbouring the parasite is reinfected by THE SAME SPECIES

A

Superinfection

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15
Q

Infected person is his own direct source of reexposure

A

Autoinfection

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16
Q

Harbors adult or sexual stages

A

Final or definitive host

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17
Q

Harbors asexual or larval stage

A

Intermediate host

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18
Q

Harbors arrested phase of parasite development

A

Paratenic host

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19
Q

Host that is not essential to development of parasite

A

Incidental host

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20
Q

Harbors infection with production of little or no damage and without symptoms

A

Carrier

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21
Q

Most dreaded complication of E. histolytica

A

Amebic pericarditis

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22
Q

E. histolytica most commonly disseminate to

A

Liver via portal vein

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23
Q

Most common site of E. histolytica in liver

A

Posteroinferior lobe

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24
Q

Nonpathogenic ameba

A

Entamoeba coli

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25
Q

Found in pyorrheal pockets between gums and in tonsillar crypts

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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26
Q

Lumen dweller in cecum

A

Endolimax nana

Iodameba butschlii

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27
Q

Ring and dot appearance of nuclei, peripheral chromatin, and central karyosome

A

E. histolytica

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28
Q

Characeteristic glycogen vacuoles in the cyst stage

A

Iodamoeba butchlii

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29
Q

Brain-eating amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri

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30
Q

Free-living amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri

Acanthamoeba

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31
Q

The only ciliate that parasitises man

A

Balantidium coli

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32
Q

Anchovy paste abscess

A

E. histolytica (liver)

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33
Q

Flask-like lesion of E. histolytica is due to

A

Submucosal invasion

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34
Q

DOC for E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

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35
Q

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

A

Naegleria fowleri

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36
Q

DOC for Balantidium coli

A

Iodoquinol

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37
Q

Lemon- or pear-shaped parasite with a nipple-like protruberance

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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38
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

Giardia lamblia

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39
Q

Amoeba, neurologic symptoms seen with a rapid course, death occurring 4-5 days after onset of symptoms

A

Naegleria fowleri

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40
Q

DOC of Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphotericin B

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41
Q

Largest protozoan ciliophora

A

Balantidium coli

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42
Q

Shepherd’s crook appearance

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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43
Q

Villous atrophy&raquo_space; malabsorption, steatorrhea, lactose intolerance, flatulence

A

G. lamblia

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44
Q

DOC for G. lamblia

A

Quinacrine HCl

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45
Q

Acute vaginitis with yellow-green discharge

A

T. vaginalis

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46
Q

DOC for T. vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

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47
Q

Longest tapeworm

A

D. latum

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48
Q

Enterotest capsule

A

G. lamblia

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49
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

T. vaginalis

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50
Q

Type of anemia in D. latum infection

A

Megaloblastic anemia (Vitamin B12 deficiency)

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51
Q

Waterlily sign

A

Hydatid cyst of E. granulosus

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52
Q

Definitive host of E. granulosus

A

Dogs/sheep

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53
Q

Rosette appearance of gravid uterus

A

D. latum

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54
Q

Raw or undercooked beef may harbour what stage of T. saginata

A

Larvae (cysticercus)

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55
Q

MCC of splenic cyst

A

Hydatid cyst of E. granulosus

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56
Q

Definitive host of T. saginata

A

Humans

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57
Q

Oval eggs with lid-like operculum

A

D. latum
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Clonorchis

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58
Q

Dog tapeworm

A

E. granulosus

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59
Q

Fish tapeworm

A

D. latum

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60
Q

MC site of hydatid cyst

A

Liver

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61
Q

Copepods are first intermediate host

A

D. latum

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62
Q

Definitive host of T. solium

A

Humans

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63
Q

Intermediate host of T. saginata

A

Cattle

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64
Q

Intermediate host of T. solium

A

Pig

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65
Q

T/F Encysted larva of taenia migrate to encyst in muscles/brain of humans

A

F, cattle and pigs and then ingested by humans from undercooked meat of these animals

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66
Q

Stage in life cycle of Taenia that is ingested causing neurocysticercosis

A

Eggs

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67
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

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68
Q

Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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69
Q

Rostellar hooklets

A

T. solium

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70
Q

MC parasitic brain infection in the world

A

Neurocysticercosis

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71
Q

DOC for Taenia infection

A

Praziquantel

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72
Q

MC tapeworm infection

A

H. nana

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73
Q

Hen’s egg-shaped ova

A

F. buski

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74
Q

Oral sucker surrounded by colarette of spines

A

E. ilocanum

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75
Q

Intermediate host of E. ilocanum

A

Pila luzonica

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76
Q

Smallest but deadliest trematode

A

H. heterophyes (cardiac failure)

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77
Q

Ingestion of metacercaria encysted on fresh water vegetation

A

F. buski

F. hepatica

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78
Q

Fatal complication of H. heterophyes

A

Cardiac failure/cardiac beriberi

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79
Q

Sheep liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

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80
Q

Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Snail

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81
Q

Intermediate host of F. buski

A

Snail

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82
Q

Where F. hepatica resides in definitive hosts

A

Biliary tract

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83
Q

Where F. buski resides in definitive hosts

A

Duodenum

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84
Q

DOC for F. hepatica

A

Triclabendazole

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85
Q

Freshwater fish

A

C. sinensis

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86
Q

Predator fish

A

D. latum

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87
Q

DOC for C. sinensis

A

Praziquantel

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88
Q

Lung fluke

A

P. westermani

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89
Q

Usual mode of diagnosis of P. westermani

A

Eggs in sputum

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90
Q

Ova looks like old-fashioned light bulb

A

C. sinensis

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91
Q

DOC for P. westermani

A

Praziquantel

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92
Q

Parasite that mimics PTb

A

P. westermani

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93
Q

Oriental liver fluke

A

C. sinensis

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94
Q

Large lateral spine

A

S. mansoni

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95
Q

Very small lateral spine

A

S. japonicum

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96
Q

Oriental lung fluke

A

P. westermani

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97
Q

Katayama reaction

A

Schistosomes; first seen in S. japonicum; Similar to serum sickness; Ag-Ab reaction with increased IgE and IgG against eggs of parasite (1500-3500 eggs per day!)

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98
Q

Intermediate host of S. japonicum

A

Oncomelania quadrasi snail (oncomelania hupensis quadrasi) !!! Important !!! Philippines

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99
Q

Adult habitat of S. japonicum

A

Superior mesenteric veins

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100
Q

Ingestion of inadequately cooked or pickled crustaceans (crabs and crayfish)

A

P. westermani

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101
Q

Circum Oval Precipitin Test (COPT)

A

S. japonicum

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102
Q

DOC for all species of schistosoma

A

Praziquantel

103
Q

Swimmer’s itch

A

S. mekongi

104
Q

Endemic in Leyte

A

S. japonicum

105
Q

Adult habitat of S. mansoni

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

106
Q

Old world hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

107
Q

New world hookworm

A

Necator americanus

108
Q

Hookworm with prominent teeth

A

A. duodenale

109
Q

Hookworm with cutting plates

A

N. americanus

110
Q

Type of anemia caused by hookworms

A

IDA

111
Q

MC parasitic infection in the Phils

A

A. lumbricoides

112
Q

Major damage caused by A. lumbricoides is due to

A

Migration (rather than presence in the intestine)

113
Q

T/F Most ascaris infections are asymptomatic

A

T

114
Q

Ground itch

A

Hookworms

115
Q

Giant worm

A

A. lumbricoides

116
Q

Roundworm known to cause autoinfection

A

E. vermicularis

117
Q

Roundworm known to cause internal autoinfection

A

S. stercoralis

118
Q

Most common helminth in the US

A

E. vermicularis

119
Q

Largest intestinal roundworm

A

A. lumbricoides

120
Q

Threadworm

A

E. vermicularis

121
Q

Dwarf threadworm

A

S. stercoralis

122
Q

S. stercoralis infective stage

A

Filariform larva

123
Q

S. stercoralis diagnostic stage

A

Rhabditiform larva

124
Q

Wandering behavior

A

A. lumbricoides

125
Q

Larva currens

A

S. stercoralis

126
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of trichinosis

A

Muscle biopsy

127
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

128
Q

MCC of Loeffler syndrome

A

A. lumbricoides

129
Q

Bentonite flocculation test

A

T. spiralis

130
Q

Harada mori culture technique

A

S. stercoralis

131
Q

Habitat of T. trichiura in humans

A

Cecum and ascending colon

132
Q

Transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and radiographic shadowing

A

Loeffler syndrome

133
Q

Bachman intradermal test

A

T. spiralis

134
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

T. trichiura

135
Q

Deerfly

A

Loaloa

136
Q

River blindness

A

O. volvulus

137
Q

Calabar swelling

A

Loaloa (swelling and edema in subcutaneous tissue)

138
Q

Ova with bipolar plugs

A

1) T. trichiura: Japanese lantern, football-shaped, barrel-shaped, lemon-shaped
2) C. philippinensis

139
Q

Worm crawling on conjunctiva

A

Loaloa

140
Q

DOC for loaloa

A

DEC

141
Q

Mazzotti reaction

A

O. volvulus (local/systemic reactions upon treatment with DEC)

142
Q

Treatment for loaloa in the eye

A

Surgical excision

143
Q

Treatment for microfilaria of O. volvulus

A

Ivermectin

144
Q

Treatment for adult worms of O. volvulus

A

Suramin

145
Q

Filariasis

A

W. bancrofti

146
Q

Pointed tail contains nuclei

A

Loaloa

147
Q

Blackflies of the genus Simulium

A

O. volvulus

148
Q

Pointed tail free of nuclei

A

W. bancrofti

149
Q

Vectors of W. bancrofti

A

Anopheles
Aedes
Culex
Mansonia

150
Q

Vector that transmits the infection lives and breeds near fast-flowing streams and rivers and the infection can result in blindness

A

O. volvulus

151
Q

Treatment for O. volvulus microfilaria

A

DEC

152
Q

Malayan lymphatic filariasis

A

B. malayi

153
Q

Vectors of B. malayi

A

Aedes

Mansonia

154
Q

B. malayi vs onchocerca: More in children

A

B. malayi

155
Q

B. malayi vs onchocerca: More rapid course

A

B. malayi

156
Q

Nocturnal periodicity

A

B. malayi and W. bancrofti (blood smears should be taken at night

157
Q

DOC for B. malayi

A

DEC

158
Q

Guinea worm

A

D. medinensis

159
Q

Treatment of D. medinensis

A

Manual extraction of worm

160
Q

Dog hookworm

A

Ancylostoma caninum

161
Q

Cat hookworm

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

162
Q

T/F Ancylostoma caninum and braziliense can complete their lifecycle in humans

A

F

163
Q

Most serious finding in toxocara infection

A

Blindness (retinal involvement)

164
Q

Prevention of toxocara infection

A

Deworming of dogs (Toxocara canis: Visceral larva migrans)

165
Q

Pudoc worm

A

Capillaria philippinensis

166
Q

Creeping reaction

A

Cutaneous larva migrans (ancylostoma caninum/braziliense)

167
Q

DOC for C. philippinensis

A

Mebendazole

168
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. cruzi

A

C-shaped trypomastigote

169
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania tropica

170
Q

Small whipworm

A

Capillaria philippinensis

171
Q

Dumdum fever

A

Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis; lesihmania donovani)

172
Q

Romana sign

A

Chagoma of T. cruzi

173
Q

American leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

174
Q

Fish-eating birds are natural hosts

A

Capillaria philippinensis

175
Q

DOC for Leishamnia

A

Na Stibogluconate

176
Q

Unilateral painless periorbital swelling

A

Romana sign/Chagoma; T. cruzi

177
Q

Espundia

A

Leishmania braziliensis

178
Q

Intestinal gurgling (borborygmi)

A

C. philippinensis

179
Q

MOA of Na Stibogluconate in treatment of leishmania

A

Inhibits PFK in the worm

180
Q

Montenegro test

A

Leishmania

181
Q

Peanut shell ova

A

C. philippinensis

182
Q

Glossina

A

African sleeping sickness (tsetse fly)

183
Q

Vector of malaria in the Philippines

A

Anopheles flavirostris

184
Q

Stages of malaria

A 
Cold stage (20 mins-1 hour)
Hot stage (1-4 hours)
Sweating stage(2-3 hours)
185
Q

Total duration of febrile cycle of malaria

A

6-10 hours

186
Q

Fever synchronises with that parasitic activity

A

Erythrocytic schizogony

187
Q

Factors that provide resistance to malaria

A 
G6PD deficiency
Hgb S (sickle cell anemia), C, or E
Thalassemia
Southeast asian ovalocytosis
Duffy blood group negative
188
Q

Blackwater fever

A

P. falciparum, due to DIC and intravascular hemolysis

189
Q

Plasmodium that naturally infects macaques and causes zoonotic malaria in humans

A

P. knowlesi

190
Q

MC causative agent of malaria in the Phils

A

P. falciparum

191
Q

MC causative agent of malaria in Africa

A

P. falciparum

192
Q

Most prevalent human malaria parasite

A

P. vivax

193
Q

Plasmodium that causes pernicious anemia

A

P. falciparum

194
Q

Plasmodium that can infect individuals who are negative for the Duffy blood group

A

P. ovale

195
Q

3-day cycle

A

Quartan (paroxysm every 4 days)

196
Q

2-day cycle

A

Tertian (paroxysm every 3 days)

197
Q

Significant plasmodium in Malaysia

A

P. knowlesi

198
Q

Parasitizes red cells of all ages

A

P. falciparum

199
Q

Parasitizes young red cells (reticulocytes)

A

P. vivax

P. ovale

200
Q

Transfusion malaria

A

P. vivax

201
Q

Plasmodium, nephrotic syndrome

A

P. malariae

202
Q

Parasitizes older red cells

A

P. malariae

203
Q

Enlarged infected red cells

A

P. vivax

204
Q

Daisy schizont

A

P. malariae

205
Q

Plasmodium with lowest parasitemia

A

P. malariae

206
Q

Plasmodium with highest parasitemia

A

P. falciparum

207
Q

Recrudescence

A

P. malariae

208
Q

Gametocyte, compact

A

P. malariae

209
Q

Gametocyte, large round

A

P. vivax

210
Q

Phenomenon in malarial infection wherein there is recurrence of a disease after it is thought to be resolved; in which the parasite responsible for the disease can remain present in the blood in low numbers, flaring up again in days, weeks, and sometimes months

A

Recrudescence

211
Q

Occurs earlier, recrudescence vs relapse

A

Recrudescence

212
Q

Sometimes confused as a reinfection, recrudescence vs relapse

A

Recrudescence

213
Q

T/F When a recrudescence appears, it is treated like the primary infection

A

T

214
Q

Gametocyte, small round

A

P. ovale

215
Q

Plasmodium, asexual phase

A

Schizogony

216
Q

Plasmodium, sexual phase

A

Sporogony

217
Q

T/F Human is definitive host of Plasmodium spp

A

F, intermediate host

218
Q

Plasmodium, infective stage to human

A

Sporozoite

219
Q

Plasmodium, infective stage to mosquito

A

Gametocyte

220
Q

Malaria, rupture of liver cells release

A

Merozoites

221
Q

Plasmodium, infective stage to RBCs

A

Merozoites

222
Q

Preferred staining method for Cryptosporidium

A

Kinyoun stain

223
Q

DOC for Cryptosporidium

A

Spiramycin

224
Q

Cat feces

A

T. gondii

225
Q

Ig increased in congenital toxoplasmosis

A

IgM

226
Q

Characteristics of Saboraud agar

A

Low pH (Acidic)
Chloramphenicol
Cycloheximide

227
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatophytes (MET)
M. furfur
C. werneckii

228
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A 
S. schenckii
Chromomycosis-causing fungi
Mycetoma
Fonsecaea
Phialophora
Cladosporium
229
Q

Sabin Feldman dye test

A

T. gondii

230
Q

DOC for T. gondii

A

TMP-SMX

231
Q

Systemic mycoses

A

Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis

232
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

A

Candida
Cryptococcus
Aspergillosis
Mucor/Rhizopus

233
Q

Ringworm of glabrous skin

A

T. corporis

234
Q

DOC of M. furfur

A

Topical miconazole

235
Q

MCC of outbreaks of tinea capitis

A

T. tonsurans

236
Q

Cause of favus

A

T. schoenlenii

237
Q

> 90 degree branching

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

238
Q

Main cause of endothrix

A

T. tonsurans

239
Q

Flowerette arrangement of conidia

A

S. schenckii

240
Q

Packets of cigar

A

M. leprae

241
Q

Opportunistic fungus assoc with ketoacidosis

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

242
Q

CALAS

A

Cryptococcus (cryptococcus antigen latex agglutination)

243
Q

Mold in soil, spherule in tissue

A

C. immitis

244
Q

DOC of C. immitis

A

Fluconazole

245
Q

Opportunistic fungus assoc with leukemia

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

246
Q

MCC of fungal meningitis

A

C. neoformas

247
Q

Highest endemism in semiarid areas (dessert sand)

A

C. immitis

248
Q

Black nasal discharge

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

249
Q

Spelunker’s disease (caving)

A

H. capsulatum, from guano

250
Q

Dichotomously-branching hyphae

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

251
Q

Barrel-shaped arthroconidia

A

C. immitis

252
Q

Fungus that resembles Ptb in xray

A

H. capsulatum

253
Q

MC opportunistic fungi

A

Candida albicans

254
Q

Bilharziasis

A

Schistosomiasis

TOP THE BOARDS!!!!!! (23 decks)

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