PARASITOLOGY

Question 1

ASCARIASIS

Answer 1

• Intestinal nematode
• reproduce in human intestine then defecated and reconsumed in water
• if migrate to lung –> loefflers syndrome = chest infection
• diagnosis = stool sample
• treatment = albendazole = prevents glucose absorption by worm

Question 2

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Answer 2

-Helminth treamatode
-freshwater snail –> water –> humans intestine –> reproduce–> eggs released in urine
-swimmers itch and katayama fever = immune reaction
- eggs may affect different sites
- diagnosis = urinary terminal stream microscopy and serology
and stool microscopy
-treatment = praziquantel with food to make them detach and die

Question 3

HYDATID disease

Answer 3

cestode- tapeworm (human is accidental host)

• usual hosts are sheep and dogs
• eggs travel to organ and form cysts 70% liver 20% lungs
• diagnosis: imaging and serology
• treatment: de-worm dogs and practice hand hygiene

Question 4

MALARIA

-plasmodium; falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae

Answer 4

• Micro parasite
• blood borne and needs mosquito to replicate
• parasites rupture RBC, block capillaries and cause inflammatory reaction
• diagnosis: thick and think microscopy and serology
• treatment: antimalarials
• non falciparum = chloroquine and primaquine
• falciparum malarua = quinine and doxycyclne

Question 5

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS

Answer 5

• Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis
• causes diarrhea diseases (watery with mucus)
• human fecal-oral spread with animal reservoir
• bloating, cramps
  Diagnosis: feces sample and acid fast staining.
  Treatment: symptomatic rehydration and paromyocin to kill the parasite

Question 6

TRICHOMONIASIS

Answer 6

• sexually transmitted caused by trichomonas vaginalis
  -flagellated protozoan
• men asymptomatic, women = smelly vaginal discharge and strawberry cervix
  Diagnosis: identification of organism in genital specimens
  Treatment: metronidazole and treat partner too

Question 7

Giardiasis

Answer 7

• flagellated protozoan & fecal-oral transmission
• passed in stools –> contaminate food
• can be asymptomatic / severe diarrhea, malabsorption
• diagnosis: identification of cysts / trophozites in feces
• treatment: metronidiazole and boil water to control