Blood transfusion Flashcards
how are blood products stored
4 degrees for up to 35 days from collection
most plasma removed to leave “concentrated red cells”
how is blood transfused
1.30 - 3 hours. 4 hour limit from removal form cold storage to end of transfusion. use blood warmer for rapid transfusion.
when is transfusion used?
symptomatic anaemia, acute sickle cell crisis, blood loss of more than 30% volume
transfusion of RBC
done to restore oxygen carrying capacity with patients with mild symptoms of anaemia (<70g/l)
transfusion of platelets
stored at room temperature (22). shelf life 5 days from collection. adult platelet therapeutic dose is platelets pooled from 4 donations. takes 30 mins to transfuse.
platelets are transfused to to treat bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding prevention.
transfusion of cryoprecipitate
prepared from plasma and contains fibrinogen, WVF Factor 8, & 13. only fibrinogen adequate for IV use
transfusion of fresh frozen plasma
main use is for coagulopathy with bleeding
stored at -30 degrees takes 30 mins/unit
group and save
is required whenever there is a possibility of a patient requiring transfusion eg surgical risk, haemorrhage and anaemia. patients blood is typed and and tested for antibodies then saved in a lab. if blood products needed, cross match requested.
antibody screen
an RBC antibody screen Is used to screen an individuals blood for antibodies directed against red blood cell antigens other than A and B antigens.
cross match
(compatibility testing)
final step of pre-transfusion testing routine procedure
portion of donors blood mixed with patient and checked for agglutination.
complications of transfusion: ACUTE
Acute Transfusion: present within 24 hours of transfusion
immunological: ABO incompatibility. allergic/anaphylactic reaction
TRALI (lung injury)
non- immunological: bacterial contamination, TACO, febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction (associated with fever) (antibodies against donor leukocytes)
complications of transfusion: DELAYED
present + 24 hours after transfusion
immunological: transfusion-associated graft vs host disease and post transfusion purpura. (platelet count rapidly drops usually in women who’ve been pregnant/ multiple transfusions)
Non immunological: transfusion transmitted infection
Non haemolytic febrile transfusion reactions
fever rise more than 1 degree + shakes
unpleasant but not fatal.
discontinue transfusion till wrong blood/bacterial infection excluded.
TRALI- transfusion related acute lung injury
serious complication of transfusion
estimated rate of fatalities Is 5-10%
donor has antibodies to recipients leucocytes
sudden onset of acute lung injury occurring within 6 hours of transfusion
Allo antibodies’
its an antibody formed in response to preganancy or transfusion targeted against an antigen that is not present on the persons RBC. maternal antibodies may cross placenta anf target fetal reed blood cell antigens. this causes hemolysis (destruction of RBC) and fetal anemia.
