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vt8 final review > parasitology > Flashcards

parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

demodex (follicular mange mite)

A

spends life on skin of host, hair folicles, sebaceous glands
egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph
causes DEMODICOSIS

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2
Q

demodex two forms

A

localized: patchy alopecia, face muzzle, forelimbs, commonly seen in puppies, transmitted form dam to pup during nursing
generalized: alopecia over entire body, erythema , secondary skin infections follow

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3
Q

demodex diagnosis

A

skin scrape areas of alopecia

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4
Q

demodex treatment

A

localized: resolved with no treatment: goodwinol ointment , topical antibiotics
generalized: avoid cortisone, IVERMECTIN traditional; amitraz

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5
Q

cheyletiella spp. (rabbit fur mite)

A

ZOONOTIC “walking dandruff”

large hook like mouth parts

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6
Q

cheyletiella species affected

A

rabbits, felines, guinea pigs, canines

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7
Q

cheyletiella life cycle

A

spends entire life on host
resides in keratin layer of skin
egg, larva, nymph, adult

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8
Q

cheyletiella clinical dz

A

ptutitis, dorsal scaling and alopecia

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9
Q

cheyletiella diagnoses

A

superficial skin scraping, cellophane tape prep, rough brushing then examination of dandruff

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10
Q

cheyletiella treatment

A

IVERMECTIN, lime sulfur dip

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11
Q

cheyletiella canine only treatment

A

AMITRAZ (MITABIN dip), pyrethrins

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12
Q

gasterophilus spp. (horse bot)

A

adult fly: ectoparasite

larvae: endoparasite

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13
Q

gasterophilus spp species affected

A

equine

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14
Q

gasterophilus spp life cycle

A

female deposits eggs on hair coat of front legs, larvae hatch and await for horse to groom, larvae enter mouth and burrow into tongue, cheeks, and lips

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15
Q

gasterophilus spp, 3 larval stages

A

larvae enter mouth, larvae swallowed into stomach, larvae detaches;passes in feces and pupates in soil, adults emerge from soil

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16
Q

gasterophilus spp. clinical dz

A

generally non pathogenic, rarely cause perforating gastric ulcer

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17
Q

gasterophilus diagnosis

A

examination of white eggs attached to leg haircoat

examination of immature larvae in feces

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18
Q

gasterophilus spp treatment

A

oral IVERMECTIN

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19
Q

sarcoptes scabiei (sarcoptic mange mite)

A

ZOONOTIC , oval in shape, long unjointed pedicals with suckers at ends

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20
Q

sarcoptes scabiei species effected

A

distinct mite for different species most common in canines

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21
Q

sarcoptes scabiei life cycle

A

adults mate on surface of skin, females burrow in epidermis where they deposit eggs, eggs hatch into larvae; they may stay in burrow or wander on skin surface, larvae molts into nymph in burrows, nymph molts into adult in burrows an cycle repeats

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22
Q

sarcoptes scabiei clinical dz

A

scabies, pruritis , alopecia

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23
Q

sarcoptes scabiei transmission

A

requires direct contact with host very contagious

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24
Q

sarcoptes scabiei diagnosis

A

skin scraping PEDAL PINNA REFLEX TEST

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25
Q

sarcoptes scabiei treatment

A

all dogs in household should be treated , antibiotics for secondary infections
IVERMECTIN AVOID IN HERDING BREEDS

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26
Q

sarcoptes scabiei treatment for herding breeds

A

selamectin (REVOLUTION)

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27
Q

mallophaga (biting lice)

A

smaller than sucking lice, large round heads , mandible like mouthparts for chewing

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28
Q

anoplura (sucking lice)

A

larger in size then biting lice

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29
Q

mallophaga species effected

A

dogs cats birds

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30
Q

anoplura species effected

A

infest all species except birds and felines

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31
Q

anoplura and mallophaga life cycle

A

egg, nymph, adult eggs called “nits”

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32
Q

anoplura and mallophaga clinical dz

A

infestation called pediculosis

local irritation, anemia(anoplura)

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33
Q

anoplura and mallophaga diagnosis

A

examination of hair coat or feathers

remove louse and place in drop of mineral oil on glass slide , examine

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34
Q

anoplura and mallophaga treatment

A

topical insecticides

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35
Q

cuterebar spp. (wolf warble) aka rodent bot fly species affected

A

rodents (usual host), rabbits, occasionally canines, felines

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36
Q

cuterebar spp life cycle

A

adults lay egg in soil near rodent burrow or rabit den
larvae hatch and crawl onto skin of host investigating burrow/den
larvae enter body through mouth and nose of host
once inside larvae migrate to subcutaneous tissue of neck or face
larvae live in SC pseudocyst with fistula, migration can be fatal if its in brain

37
Q

cuterebar spp clinical dz

A

tissue irritation , swollen cysts like subcutaneous lesions

38
Q

cuterebar spp treament

A

surgical extraction of larvae , wound management

39
Q

cuterebar spp diagnosis

A

observation of swollen lesion with fistula

40
Q

hypoderma spp (ox warble), (cattle grub), HEEL FLIES

A

attach to hair onlegs

41
Q

hypoderma spp description/ species affected

A

adults resemble bumble bee
cattle
horses not normally efected but but happens

42
Q

hypoderma spp life cycle

A

adults attach eggs to hair on legs cattle , larvae travel to base of tsil hair shaft and penetrate skin, travel migrate to subq tissue of back, larvae create fistula in skin of dorsum through whuch they will later exit and fall to the ground

43
Q

hypoderma spp clincial disease

A

cyst like boil like swelling on back, tissue damage ,

44
Q

hypoderma spp diagnosis

A

examination of large cyst lesions on dorsum with fistulas

irritation causes cattle to gallop with tail held high “gadding”

45
Q

hypoderma spp treatment

A

IVERMECTIN or insecticides if larvae have not yet migrated to dorsum , surgical removal or larvae

46
Q

oxyuris equi (equine pinworm) species effected

A

equine

47
Q

oxyuris equi life cycle

A

adult female worms are found protruding from anus, eggs are laid on perianal skin or passed in feces, environmrntal temps cause eggs to embryonate, once swallowed larva penetrate colon and mature

48
Q

oxyuris equi diagnosis

A

cellophane tape, fecal floatztion

49
Q

oxyuris equi treatment

A

moxidectin, piperazine, pyrantel

50
Q

toxocara canis (canine roundworm) life cycle ASCARIDS , true roundworm

A

adults found in small intestine , eggs passed in feces , larvae begins to devrlop in egg(2nd stage)INFECTIVE STAGE
pupppies under 3 months , once ingested larva hatch in small intestine, migrate in to blood stream then into lungs, larva develops then coughed up and re swallowed, returns to small intestine and matures into adult cycle repeats

51
Q

toxocara canis intermediate host

A

small mammals

52
Q

toxocra canis transmission

A

transplacental, transmammary

53
Q

toxocara cati transmission

A

transmammary

54
Q

toxocaris leonina transmission

A

neither transmammary or transplacental

55
Q

toxocaeiasis

A

visceral larval migrans, ocular larval migrans

56
Q

ancyclostoma caninum (hookworm) life cycle

A

adults found in small intestine attached to mucosa as they suvk blood, unembryonated egg passed in feces, external environmental triggers embryo develop into larva, larva hatch from egg and molts 3 times 3rd STAGE INFECTIVE

57
Q

acyclostoma caninum pregnant females

A

transplacental

58
Q

ancyclostoma caninum after birth

A

transmammary

59
Q

ancyclostoma treatment

A

fenbendazole (Panacur), pyrantel, ivermectin

prevention; milbemycin (Interceptor)

60
Q

ancyclostoma caninum zoonotic potential

A

cutaneous larval migrans

61
Q

otodectes cynotis (ear mite) diagnosis

A

microscopic examination of exudate mites often mobile!

mites can be seen as small white dot with naked eye, confirmation possible only via microscopic analysis

62
Q

otodectes cynotis treatment

A

preceded by thorough ear cleansing, topical ivermectin topical milbemycin

63
Q

otodectes cynotis species affected

A

dogs cats ferrets

64
Q

otodectes cynotis life cycle

A

reside within external ear cannal, entire cycle occurs on host

65
Q

giardia lamblia 2 morphiologic forms

A

trophozite: motile non infective
cyst: resistant stage, infective must swallow to be infected

66
Q

giardia species efected

A

mammals birds

67
Q

giardia life cycle

A

infective cyst voided in fece must be swallowed , after ingestion trophozite emerges from infectice cysts and begins to feed, trophozoites cover epithelium of intestines while feeding and limt gut absorption causes diarrhea, trophozoites become infective cyst and passed in feces again

68
Q

giardia clinical dz

A

weight loss, vomiting, DIARRHEA< inappetance, ZOONOTIC

69
Q

giardia diagnosis

A

direct smear #1, zinc sulfate fecal floatation, ELISA test

70
Q

giardia treatment/prevention

A

metranidzole (Flagyl), fenbendazole (Panacur), albendazole

vacciinie is available to prevent shedding of cysts

71
Q

giardia zoonotic potential

A

causes enteritis

72
Q

toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) in prego woman

A

get from litter

73
Q

toxoplasmosis prevention

A

no raw anything, wash hands and wear gloves when grdening keep cats indoors

74
Q

toxoplasmosis life cycle

A

oocyst-resistant environmental stage , tachyzoiyes, rapidly dividing tissue stage
bradyzoites; slowly dividinf encysted tissue stage

75
Q

toxoplasmosis transmission

A

transplacental, transmammary

76
Q

toxoplasmosis diagnoses

A

oocyst i fecal floatation, pseudocysts in tissue

77
Q

toxoplasmosis treatment

A

silfadiazine and pyrimethamine clindamycin

78
Q

ixodes scapularis (deer tick) can cause what dz

A

lyme disease

79
Q

echinococcus spp (hydatid cyst tapeworm)

A

extremely zoonotic

scolex and 3 proglottids

80
Q

echinococcus spp species affected

A

canine feline foxes

81
Q

echinococcus intermediate hosts

A

sheep, cattle, rodents, humans

82
Q

echinococcus clinical dz

A

gi signs weight loss, cysts in liver, in brain(humans)

83
Q

echinococcus diagnosis

A

fecal floatation Elisa test

84
Q

echinococcus treatment

A

praziquantel (droncit)

85
Q

permethrin

A

fleas, ticks in dogs, flies, lice mites , mosquitos and ticks in large animals cats are sensitive
Mycodex

86
Q

praziquantel (Droncit)

A

cestodes (anticestodal)

87
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

giardia (antiprotozoal)

88
Q

sulfadimethoxine

A

coccidia (antiprotozoal)

vt8 final review (7 decks)

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