parasitology Flashcards
demodex (follicular mange mite)
spends life on skin of host, hair folicles, sebaceous glands
egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph
causes DEMODICOSIS
demodex two forms
localized: patchy alopecia, face muzzle, forelimbs, commonly seen in puppies, transmitted form dam to pup during nursing
generalized: alopecia over entire body, erythema , secondary skin infections follow
demodex diagnosis
skin scrape areas of alopecia
demodex treatment
localized: resolved with no treatment: goodwinol ointment , topical antibiotics
generalized: avoid cortisone, IVERMECTIN traditional; amitraz
cheyletiella spp. (rabbit fur mite)
ZOONOTIC “walking dandruff”
large hook like mouth parts
cheyletiella species affected
rabbits, felines, guinea pigs, canines
cheyletiella life cycle
spends entire life on host
resides in keratin layer of skin
egg, larva, nymph, adult
cheyletiella clinical dz
ptutitis, dorsal scaling and alopecia
cheyletiella diagnoses
superficial skin scraping, cellophane tape prep, rough brushing then examination of dandruff
cheyletiella treatment
IVERMECTIN, lime sulfur dip
cheyletiella canine only treatment
AMITRAZ (MITABIN dip), pyrethrins
gasterophilus spp. (horse bot)
adult fly: ectoparasite
larvae: endoparasite
gasterophilus spp species affected
equine
gasterophilus spp life cycle
female deposits eggs on hair coat of front legs, larvae hatch and await for horse to groom, larvae enter mouth and burrow into tongue, cheeks, and lips
gasterophilus spp, 3 larval stages
larvae enter mouth, larvae swallowed into stomach, larvae detaches;passes in feces and pupates in soil, adults emerge from soil
gasterophilus spp. clinical dz
generally non pathogenic, rarely cause perforating gastric ulcer
gasterophilus diagnosis
examination of white eggs attached to leg haircoat
examination of immature larvae in feces
gasterophilus spp treatment
oral IVERMECTIN
sarcoptes scabiei (sarcoptic mange mite)
ZOONOTIC , oval in shape, long unjointed pedicals with suckers at ends
sarcoptes scabiei species effected
distinct mite for different species most common in canines
sarcoptes scabiei life cycle
adults mate on surface of skin, females burrow in epidermis where they deposit eggs, eggs hatch into larvae; they may stay in burrow or wander on skin surface, larvae molts into nymph in burrows, nymph molts into adult in burrows an cycle repeats
sarcoptes scabiei clinical dz
scabies, pruritis , alopecia
sarcoptes scabiei transmission
requires direct contact with host very contagious
sarcoptes scabiei diagnosis
skin scraping PEDAL PINNA REFLEX TEST
sarcoptes scabiei treatment
all dogs in household should be treated , antibiotics for secondary infections
IVERMECTIN AVOID IN HERDING BREEDS
sarcoptes scabiei treatment for herding breeds
selamectin (REVOLUTION)
mallophaga (biting lice)
smaller than sucking lice, large round heads , mandible like mouthparts for chewing
anoplura (sucking lice)
larger in size then biting lice
mallophaga species effected
dogs cats birds
anoplura species effected
infest all species except birds and felines
anoplura and mallophaga life cycle
egg, nymph, adult eggs called “nits”
anoplura and mallophaga clinical dz
infestation called pediculosis
local irritation, anemia(anoplura)
anoplura and mallophaga diagnosis
examination of hair coat or feathers
remove louse and place in drop of mineral oil on glass slide , examine
anoplura and mallophaga treatment
topical insecticides
cuterebar spp. (wolf warble) aka rodent bot fly species affected
rodents (usual host), rabbits, occasionally canines, felines
cuterebar spp life cycle
adults lay egg in soil near rodent burrow or rabit den
larvae hatch and crawl onto skin of host investigating burrow/den
larvae enter body through mouth and nose of host
once inside larvae migrate to subcutaneous tissue of neck or face
larvae live in SC pseudocyst with fistula, migration can be fatal if its in brain
cuterebar spp clinical dz
tissue irritation , swollen cysts like subcutaneous lesions
cuterebar spp treament
surgical extraction of larvae , wound management
cuterebar spp diagnosis
observation of swollen lesion with fistula
hypoderma spp (ox warble), (cattle grub), HEEL FLIES
attach to hair onlegs
hypoderma spp description/ species affected
adults resemble bumble bee
cattle
horses not normally efected but but happens
hypoderma spp life cycle
adults attach eggs to hair on legs cattle , larvae travel to base of tsil hair shaft and penetrate skin, travel migrate to subq tissue of back, larvae create fistula in skin of dorsum through whuch they will later exit and fall to the ground
hypoderma spp clincial disease
cyst like boil like swelling on back, tissue damage ,
hypoderma spp diagnosis
examination of large cyst lesions on dorsum with fistulas
irritation causes cattle to gallop with tail held high “gadding”
hypoderma spp treatment
IVERMECTIN or insecticides if larvae have not yet migrated to dorsum , surgical removal or larvae
oxyuris equi (equine pinworm) species effected
equine
oxyuris equi life cycle
adult female worms are found protruding from anus, eggs are laid on perianal skin or passed in feces, environmrntal temps cause eggs to embryonate, once swallowed larva penetrate colon and mature
oxyuris equi diagnosis
cellophane tape, fecal floatztion
oxyuris equi treatment
moxidectin, piperazine, pyrantel
toxocara canis (canine roundworm) life cycle ASCARIDS , true roundworm
adults found in small intestine , eggs passed in feces , larvae begins to devrlop in egg(2nd stage)INFECTIVE STAGE
pupppies under 3 months , once ingested larva hatch in small intestine, migrate in to blood stream then into lungs, larva develops then coughed up and re swallowed, returns to small intestine and matures into adult cycle repeats
toxocara canis intermediate host
small mammals
toxocra canis transmission
transplacental, transmammary
toxocara cati transmission
transmammary
toxocaris leonina transmission
neither transmammary or transplacental
toxocaeiasis
visceral larval migrans, ocular larval migrans
ancyclostoma caninum (hookworm) life cycle
adults found in small intestine attached to mucosa as they suvk blood, unembryonated egg passed in feces, external environmental triggers embryo develop into larva, larva hatch from egg and molts 3 times 3rd STAGE INFECTIVE
acyclostoma caninum pregnant females
transplacental
ancyclostoma caninum after birth
transmammary
ancyclostoma treatment
fenbendazole (Panacur), pyrantel, ivermectin
prevention; milbemycin (Interceptor)
ancyclostoma caninum zoonotic potential
cutaneous larval migrans
otodectes cynotis (ear mite) diagnosis
microscopic examination of exudate mites often mobile!
mites can be seen as small white dot with naked eye, confirmation possible only via microscopic analysis
otodectes cynotis treatment
preceded by thorough ear cleansing, topical ivermectin topical milbemycin
otodectes cynotis species affected
dogs cats ferrets
otodectes cynotis life cycle
reside within external ear cannal, entire cycle occurs on host
giardia lamblia 2 morphiologic forms
trophozite: motile non infective
cyst: resistant stage, infective must swallow to be infected
giardia species efected
mammals birds
giardia life cycle
infective cyst voided in fece must be swallowed , after ingestion trophozite emerges from infectice cysts and begins to feed, trophozoites cover epithelium of intestines while feeding and limt gut absorption causes diarrhea, trophozoites become infective cyst and passed in feces again
giardia clinical dz
weight loss, vomiting, DIARRHEA< inappetance, ZOONOTIC
giardia diagnosis
direct smear #1, zinc sulfate fecal floatation, ELISA test
giardia treatment/prevention
metranidzole (Flagyl), fenbendazole (Panacur), albendazole
vacciinie is available to prevent shedding of cysts
giardia zoonotic potential
causes enteritis
toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) in prego woman
get from litter
toxoplasmosis prevention
no raw anything, wash hands and wear gloves when grdening keep cats indoors
toxoplasmosis life cycle
oocyst-resistant environmental stage , tachyzoiyes, rapidly dividing tissue stage
bradyzoites; slowly dividinf encysted tissue stage
toxoplasmosis transmission
transplacental, transmammary
toxoplasmosis diagnoses
oocyst i fecal floatation, pseudocysts in tissue
toxoplasmosis treatment
silfadiazine and pyrimethamine clindamycin
ixodes scapularis (deer tick) can cause what dz
lyme disease
echinococcus spp (hydatid cyst tapeworm)
extremely zoonotic
scolex and 3 proglottids
echinococcus spp species affected
canine feline foxes
echinococcus intermediate hosts
sheep, cattle, rodents, humans
echinococcus clinical dz
gi signs weight loss, cysts in liver, in brain(humans)
echinococcus diagnosis
fecal floatation Elisa test
echinococcus treatment
praziquantel (droncit)
permethrin
fleas, ticks in dogs, flies, lice mites , mosquitos and ticks in large animals cats are sensitive
Mycodex
praziquantel (Droncit)
cestodes (anticestodal)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
giardia (antiprotozoal)
sulfadimethoxine
coccidia (antiprotozoal)
