PARASITOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
Motile, reproducing stage, feeding stage of Protozoa
A
Trophozoite
2
Q
Amebae has chromatoid bodies in the cyst stage
A
Entamoeba
3
Q
Amebiasis is cause by
A
E. histolytica
4
Q
Organs of the body that is most often involved in extraintestinal amebiasis
A
Liver
5
Q
Characteristic of true amebae
A
Peripheral chromatin on the nuclear body
Chromatin bodies in the cyst
Include pathogens and non pathogens
6
Q
True ameba
A
E. hartmanni
7
Q
Ameba that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of man are non motile, nonfeeding and infective during what stage ?
A
Cyst
8
Q
Mature cyst of E. polecki have how many nuclei
A
1
9
Q
Cyst with chromatoid bodies that have two pointed ends or that can be round triangular or oval
A
E. coli
10
Q
Small delicate nuclear chromatin
FIne, even, peripheral chromatin
Progressive motility with hyaline, finger like pseudopods
A
Trophozoites of E. histolytica
11
Q
Trophozoite when acting as a pathogen is likely to ingest RBC of the host
A
E. histolytica
12
Q
Point of differentiation between E. histolytica and E. hartmanni
A
size
13
Q
The mature cyst of E. histolytica has how many nuclei
A
Four
14
Q
Failure to find bacteria in purulent spinal fluid should alert one to find the possibility of an infection with
A
Amebae
15
Q
Trophozoite is distinguished by the possession of achromatic granules surrounding its karyosomal chromatin
A
I. butschlii
16
Q
Double walled, wrinkled cyst form
A
A. castellani
17
Q
A cyst that possesses a single nucleus and a large glycogen vacuole that stains deeply with iodine belong to
A
I. butschlii
18
Q
Some ameba have spiny, hyaline extensions called
A
Acanthopods
19
Q
Best staining procedures for species of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba
A
Hematoxylin and eosin
Wright stain
20
Q
Ameba inhabiting the CNS enter the body through
A
Nasal mucosa
21
Q
Specimen are Acanthamoeba and Naegleria usually found
A
Cerebrospinal fluid
22
Q
Found in the brain
Trophozoite can assume a limax form
Trophozoite can become an ameba flagellate
A
Naegleria
23
Q
Trophozoite whose karyosomal chromatin appears as a rosette of 4-6 granules
A
N. fowleri
24
Q
Often mistaken for cyst of amebae
A
Blastocystis hominis
25
Intestinal flagellates are usuallly which shape in the trophozoite stage
Pear shaped
26
Pathognomonic for G. lamblia and the stage it is found in
Ventral sucking disk- trophozoite
27
Protozoa that has an undulating membrane
Trichomonas
| Trypanosoma
28
Symptoms in Infection with D. fragilis
Diarrhea
Abdominal discomfort without diarrhea
Asymptomatic
29
Common in D. fragilis and T. vaginalis
Neither has a cyst form
30
Flagellate that can be pathogen of small intestine
Giardia
31
Intestinal flagellate troph has a sucking disk, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella and a axostyle
G. lamblia
32
Red and white blood cells in stool specimens are characteristics of
Bacillary dysentery
33
A pear shaped flagellate with jerky motility that is found in a urine specimen
T. vaginalis
34
Eighty percent of the trophozoites of D. fragilis have
2 nuclei
35
Only bilaterally symmetrical protozoan
Giardia
36
Intracellular form of blood and tissue flagellates
Leishmanial
37
Cause of African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma
38
Vector of African sleeping sickness
Tse tse fly (Glossina)
39
Species of Trypanosoma that cause Chaga's disease
Cruzi
40
Characteristics of trypanosome form of T. cruzi
Prominent kinetoplast
C-shaped
Thick organism
41
Specimen would be suitable for a demonstration of the trypanosomes of sleeping sickness
Blood
Fluid from lymph node
CSF
42
The extracellular form of Trypanosoma is a slender organism characterized by an undulaitng membrane and a free flagellum that arises
Posteriorly from the kinetoplast
43
Found within the reticuloendothelial cells
L. donovani
H. capsulatum
T. gondii
44
Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?
Bite of reduviid bug
45
A chagoma is a lesion seen in infections with
T. cruzi
46
Organism cause of Kala-azar
L. donovani
47
In the lab diagnosis of L. donovani, which is the preferred specimen in which to fluid Leihman-Donovan bodies
Bone marrow
48
Only ciliate that is pathogenic in humans
B. coli
49
A very large cyst whose double wall encloses a ciliated organism with one visible nuclei would be
Acquired by accident by man, since it customarily infects swine
50
structures are used for motiliy of Balantidium coli
Cilia
51
Nucleus in the trophozoite of B. coli is the reproductive one
Micronucleus
52
Conjugation of trophozoites of B. coli never occurs between
Same size organisms
53
Definitive host (vector) to Plasmodium
Female Anopheles mosquito
54
Malarial organism presents as pale, very amoeboid ring trophozoites, infecting a large pale RBC with dots of hemoglobin
P. vivax
55
Malarial organisms preferentially invades retics
P. vivax
56
Malarial organism whose schizont resembles a "fruit pie" in which the merozoite form a rosette around the malarial pigment
P. malariae
57
Malarial organism characteristically has a band form trophozoite stretching across the RBC
P. malariae
58
Gametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum can be differentiated from the other malarial species by
Shape
59
Type of Malaria can Ziemann's stippling can be found
Malariae
60
Type of Malaria can Maurer's dot can be found
Falciparum
61
Malarial organism feaatures ring trophozoites that have double chromatin dots, applique forms and often have multiple parasites in the infected RBCs
P. falciparum
62
Malarial organism has large, coarse, red dots within a large, pale RBC with fimbriated edges
P. ovale
63
The sexual reproduction cycle in Plasmodium and Coccidia
Sporogony
64
Infective stage of the malarial parasite to the vector
Gametocyte
65
Infective stage of the malarial parasite to the humans
Sporozoites
66
Type of Malaria there's synchronized rupture of the RBCs every 72 hours
Malariae
67
In falciparum malaria, there may be a sudden massive intravascular hemolysis producing hemoglobinuria. This is called
Blackwater fever
68
Hemoglobin is incompatible with malaria parasite survival
Hb-SS
69
Lab test that allows laboratory bred reduvid bugs to feed on patients suspected of having Chagas disease
Xenodiagnosis
70
Humans are infected with Babesia by
Bite of ticks
| Blood transfusion
71
If immature oocysts of Isospora belli are found in stool specimens from infected humans, what should be done with the specimen for identification
Leave at room temperature
72
Stage of Isospora that is infective to humans
Oocyst
73
Isospora belli immature oocyst contain
Sporoblast
74
Infective oocyst of Isospora belli contain
Sporozoites
75
Laboratory request for the demonstration of retinochoroiditis and cerebral calcifications in a newborn
Titer of Toxoplasma antibodies
76
Both Definitive and Intermediate Host of Toxoplasma gondii
Cat
77
Appearance of Toxoplasma gondii in tissue fluids of man
Crescent
78
Constitutes a positive result in the Sabin Feldman dye test
Toxoplasma loses its affinity for methylene blue dye test
79
Test used for the detection of Cryptosporidium
Sheathers sugar flotation
80
Parasites poses a particular hazard for immunodeficient or immunosuppressed individuals
Cryptosporidium
Giardia
Strongyloides
81
Parasites associated with AIDS
Cryptosporidium
82
Operculated ovum contains a miracidium and can appear in sputum, often accompanied by blood and Charcoat-Layden crystals
Paragonimus westermani
83
Schistome eggs may be recovered in rectal biopsy
Schistosoma japonicum
| Schistosoma mansoni
84
Scientific name of the head of a tapeworm
Scolex
85
Worms have an oral and ventral shaped sucker in the adult stage
Trematodes
86
Hermaphroditic
Flukes
| Tapeworms
87
First intermediate host of the flukes
Snail
88
Common names for the schistosomes
Blood flukes
89
Common name for Clonorchis sinensis
Chinese liver fluke
90
What is schistosomule
Cercariae minus tail
91
Beef tapeworm is the common name for
T. saginata
92
Tapeworm proglottid makes its way across the fecal specimen by doubling movements and is seen under the microscope to have numerous regular uterine branches (more than 15) resembling those of a tree
T. saginata
93
Unarmed scolex
Beef tapeworm
94
Taenia has 7-12 uterine branches
T. solium
95
A hexacanth embryo enclosed in a radially striated shell belongs to the genus
Taenia
96
Tapeworm infection has to be treated with great care so that man does not acquire the larval infection
Taeniasis solium
97
A bile stained egg that is 75 microns at its greatest diameter and contains a hexacanth embryo that lacks polar knobs or filaments is that of
H. diminuta
98
Dwarf tapeworm
H. nana
99
Eggs of Echinococcus granulosus are found in the feces of
Dogs
100
Found in the intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst
101
Hydatid cyst infection of man is due to a larva of the tapeworm
E. granulosus
102
First intermediate host of D. latum
copepod
103
Second intermediate host of D. latum
Freshwater fish
104
Infective stage of the broad fish tapeworm to humans
Plerocercoid
105
Eggs of this tapeworm are developed and have an operculum at one and a small abopercular knob at the other end
D. latum
106
Worm that can cause Megaloblastic anemia
D. latum
107
Worms have separate sexes
Blood flukes
108
Male roundworm is differentiated from the female roundworm by its
Dorsally curved posterior
109
Best way to demonstrate a pinworm infection is by what technique
Cellophane tape preparation
110
The gravid female of E. vermicularis deposits her embryonated eggs
On the perianal skin
111
Eggs that average 60 microns in length, are oval with one flattened side and contain a motile larva
E. vermicularis
112
Eggs that are bile stained and have clear polar plugs
Whipworm
113
nematodes does NOT have a free living stage
E. vermicularis
114
Stage of Trichuris trichiura infective to humans
Embryonated egg
115
Where does the larva of Ascaris lumbricoides go after it hatches in the small intestine
Migrates through the blood, liver, lungs, pharynx and then back to the small intestine
116
If an Ascaris egg lacks its bile stained mammilliated coat, we refer to the egg as
Decorticated
117
T. trichiura, hookworm and ___ form the "unholy three" of roundworms
A. lumbricoides
118
First stage larva of intestinal nematodes
Rhabditiform larva
119
Organisms cause infections where the larvae migrate into the lymphatics and blood, lung, alveoli, bronchiolus, pharynx and then to small intestines
N. americanus
A. duodenale
S. stercoralis
120
An embryo in the two to eight cell stage of cleavage
Oval, thin shell
Clear space between shell and embryo
eggs of Hookworms
121
Helminth that induces a hypochromic microcytic anemia in its hosts
Hookworm
122
The rhabditiform larva of the hookworm has a
Long buccal cavity equal to the width of the body
123
Larval worms enters the hosts by penetration of the skin
S. stercoralis
A. duodenale
N. americanus
124
A roundworm that inhabits the SI and usually is demonstrated as rhabditiform larvae in the fecal specimen
Threadworm
125
Muscle biopsy is a diagnostic technique employed to detect
Trichinosis
126
Roundworms that gave birth to her young
Wuchereria
Mansonella
Brugia
127
A viviparous female nematode
Produces living larvae
128
One of the differential characteristics of the microfilariae is the presence or absence of
A sheath
129
Adults of filarial worms live in
Lymphatics and subcutaneous tissue
130
One of the pathological findings in infestations of Wuchereria
Elephantiasis
131
Intermediate host of guinea worm
Copepod
132
Dirofilaria immitis is the
Dog heartworm
133
Dracunculus infections cause ulcers that
On contact with water, release larvae
134
Microfilaria does NOT have sheath
Mansonella
135
Eye worm
Loa loa
136
Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption is caused by
Filariform larvae of Dog hookworm
137
Causes a chronic cough, pulmonary and artery obstruction but no invasion of the heart in humans
Dirofialria immitis
138
Caused by the ingestion of snails by humans
Rat lungworm
139
Cercarial dermatitidis commonly known as swimmer's itch is caused by
Cercariae of schistosomes
140
Scientific name of the body of a tapeworm
Strobila
141
The gravid segments of a tapeworm are filled with
Eggs
142
A six hooked embryo
Hexacanth
143
"Ground itch" occurs in infections of hookworms at the
Site of larval penetration of the skin
144
Direct examination of stool specimens stained with iodine make the trophozoite of the Protozoa stain what color
Trophozoites are destroyed by iodine
145
What color does the cytoplasm of protozoan cysts stain in an iodine wet stool preparation
Yellow-brown
146
What color do chromatoid bodies of protozoan cyst stain in an iodine wet stool preparation
Do not stain
147
Advantages of the sedimentation mtd of concentrating stool specimen
All eggs will sediment
Recovers operculated eggs
Fecal debris and soluble material can be removed
148
Trophozoite structures of protozoans when stained with trichrome stain appear
Glycogen- colorless
Nucleus-red purple
Charcoat leyden crystals- bright red
149
When stained in trichrome stain, chromatoid bodies appear what color
Bright to red
150
The preservative to be employed with the trichrome stain is
Polyvinyl alcohol
151
The ideal temperature at which hold a fecal specimen for more than 1 hour is
refrigerator temperature
152
Preferred Sp. Gr. of zinc sulfate solution for the flotation mtd
1.18
153
type of blood specimen is preferred for preparing blood smears for protozoa
Finger puncture
154
What will happen if blood from a finger stick mixes with the alcohol used to clean the area
"Fixes" red blood cells
155
Venipuncture blood is not recommended for
Malaria, Babesia, Hemoflagellates
156
To detect stippling, prepare blood films venipuncture within
30 minutes to 1 hour after being drawn
