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Apollon > PARASITOLOGY > Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Motile, reproducing stage, feeding stage of Protozoa

A

Trophozoite

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2
Q

Amebae has chromatoid bodies in the cyst stage

A

Entamoeba

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3
Q

Amebiasis is cause by

A

E. histolytica

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4
Q

Organs of the body that is most often involved in extraintestinal amebiasis

A

Liver

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5
Q

Characteristic of true amebae

A

Peripheral chromatin on the nuclear body
Chromatin bodies in the cyst
Include pathogens and non pathogens

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6
Q

True ameba

A

E. hartmanni

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7
Q

Ameba that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of man are non motile, nonfeeding and infective during what stage ?

A

Cyst

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8
Q

Mature cyst of E. polecki have how many nuclei

A

1

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9
Q

Cyst with chromatoid bodies that have two pointed ends or that can be round triangular or oval

A

E. coli

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10
Q

Small delicate nuclear chromatin
FIne, even, peripheral chromatin
Progressive motility with hyaline, finger like pseudopods

A

Trophozoites of E. histolytica

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11
Q

Trophozoite when acting as a pathogen is likely to ingest RBC of the host

A

E. histolytica

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12
Q

Point of differentiation between E. histolytica and E. hartmanni

A

size

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13
Q

The mature cyst of E. histolytica has how many nuclei

A

Four

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14
Q

Failure to find bacteria in purulent spinal fluid should alert one to find the possibility of an infection with

A

Amebae

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15
Q

Trophozoite is distinguished by the possession of achromatic granules surrounding its karyosomal chromatin

A

I. butschlii

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16
Q

Double walled, wrinkled cyst form

A

A. castellani

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17
Q

A cyst that possesses a single nucleus and a large glycogen vacuole that stains deeply with iodine belong to

A

I. butschlii

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18
Q

Some ameba have spiny, hyaline extensions called

A

Acanthopods

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19
Q

Best staining procedures for species of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba

A

Hematoxylin and eosin

Wright stain

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20
Q

Ameba inhabiting the CNS enter the body through

A

Nasal mucosa

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21
Q

Specimen are Acanthamoeba and Naegleria usually found

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

Found in the brain
Trophozoite can assume a limax form
Trophozoite can become an ameba flagellate

A

Naegleria

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23
Q

Trophozoite whose karyosomal chromatin appears as a rosette of 4-6 granules

A

N. fowleri

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24
Q

Often mistaken for cyst of amebae

A

Blastocystis hominis

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25
Q

Intestinal flagellates are usuallly which shape in the trophozoite stage

A

Pear shaped

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26
Q

Pathognomonic for G. lamblia and the stage it is found in

A

Ventral sucking disk- trophozoite

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27
Q

Protozoa that has an undulating membrane

A

Trichomonas

Trypanosoma

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28
Q

Symptoms in Infection with D. fragilis

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal discomfort without diarrhea
Asymptomatic

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29
Q

Common in D. fragilis and T. vaginalis

A

Neither has a cyst form

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30
Q

Flagellate that can be pathogen of small intestine

A

Giardia

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31
Q

Intestinal flagellate troph has a sucking disk, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella and a axostyle

A

G. lamblia

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32
Q

Red and white blood cells in stool specimens are characteristics of

A

Bacillary dysentery

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33
Q

A pear shaped flagellate with jerky motility that is found in a urine specimen

A

T. vaginalis

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34
Q

Eighty percent of the trophozoites of D. fragilis have

A

2 nuclei

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35
Q

Only bilaterally symmetrical protozoan

A

Giardia

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36
Q

Intracellular form of blood and tissue flagellates

A

Leishmanial

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37
Q

Cause of African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma

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38
Q

Vector of African sleeping sickness

A

Tse tse fly (Glossina)

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39
Q

Species of Trypanosoma that cause Chaga’s disease

A

Cruzi

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40
Q

Characteristics of trypanosome form of T. cruzi

A

Prominent kinetoplast
C-shaped
Thick organism

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41
Q

Specimen would be suitable for a demonstration of the trypanosomes of sleeping sickness

A

Blood
Fluid from lymph node
CSF

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42
Q

The extracellular form of Trypanosoma is a slender organism characterized by an undulaitng membrane and a free flagellum that arises

A

Posteriorly from the kinetoplast

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43
Q

Found within the reticuloendothelial cells

A

L. donovani
H. capsulatum
T. gondii

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44
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?

A

Bite of reduviid bug

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45
Q

A chagoma is a lesion seen in infections with

A

T. cruzi

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46
Q

Organism cause of Kala-azar

A

L. donovani

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47
Q

In the lab diagnosis of L. donovani, which is the preferred specimen in which to fluid Leihman-Donovan bodies

A

Bone marrow

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48
Q

Only ciliate that is pathogenic in humans

A

B. coli

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49
Q

A very large cyst whose double wall encloses a ciliated organism with one visible nuclei would be

A

Acquired by accident by man, since it customarily infects swine

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50
Q

structures are used for motiliy of Balantidium coli

A

Cilia

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51
Q

Nucleus in the trophozoite of B. coli is the reproductive one

A

Micronucleus

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52
Q

Conjugation of trophozoites of B. coli never occurs between

A

Same size organisms

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53
Q

Definitive host (vector) to Plasmodium

A

Female Anopheles mosquito

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54
Q

Malarial organism presents as pale, very amoeboid ring trophozoites, infecting a large pale RBC with dots of hemoglobin

A

P. vivax

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55
Q

Malarial organisms preferentially invades retics

A

P. vivax

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56
Q

Malarial organism whose schizont resembles a “fruit pie” in which the merozoite form a rosette around the malarial pigment

A

P. malariae

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57
Q

Malarial organism characteristically has a band form trophozoite stretching across the RBC

A

P. malariae

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58
Q

Gametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum can be differentiated from the other malarial species by

A

Shape

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59
Q

Type of Malaria can Ziemann’s stippling can be found

A

Malariae

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60
Q

Type of Malaria can Maurer’s dot can be found

A

Falciparum

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61
Q

Malarial organism feaatures ring trophozoites that have double chromatin dots, applique forms and often have multiple parasites in the infected RBCs

A

P. falciparum

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62
Q

Malarial organism has large, coarse, red dots within a large, pale RBC with fimbriated edges

A

P. ovale

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63
Q

The sexual reproduction cycle in Plasmodium and Coccidia

A

Sporogony

64
Q

Infective stage of the malarial parasite to the vector

A

Gametocyte

65
Q

Infective stage of the malarial parasite to the humans

A

Sporozoites

66
Q

Type of Malaria there’s synchronized rupture of the RBCs every 72 hours

A

Malariae

67
Q

In falciparum malaria, there may be a sudden massive intravascular hemolysis producing hemoglobinuria. This is called

A

Blackwater fever

68
Q

Hemoglobin is incompatible with malaria parasite survival

A

Hb-SS

69
Q

Lab test that allows laboratory bred reduvid bugs to feed on patients suspected of having Chagas disease

A

Xenodiagnosis

70
Q

Humans are infected with Babesia by

A

Bite of ticks

Blood transfusion

71
Q

If immature oocysts of Isospora belli are found in stool specimens from infected humans, what should be done with the specimen for identification

A

Leave at room temperature

72
Q

Stage of Isospora that is infective to humans

A

Oocyst

73
Q

Isospora belli immature oocyst contain

A

Sporoblast

74
Q

Infective oocyst of Isospora belli contain

A

Sporozoites

75
Q

Laboratory request for the demonstration of retinochoroiditis and cerebral calcifications in a newborn

A

Titer of Toxoplasma antibodies

76
Q

Both Definitive and Intermediate Host of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Cat

77
Q

Appearance of Toxoplasma gondii in tissue fluids of man

A

Crescent

78
Q

Constitutes a positive result in the Sabin Feldman dye test

A

Toxoplasma loses its affinity for methylene blue dye test

79
Q

Test used for the detection of Cryptosporidium

A

Sheathers sugar flotation

80
Q

Parasites poses a particular hazard for immunodeficient or immunosuppressed individuals

A

Cryptosporidium
Giardia
Strongyloides

81
Q

Parasites associated with AIDS

A

Cryptosporidium

82
Q

Operculated ovum contains a miracidium and can appear in sputum, often accompanied by blood and Charcoat-Layden crystals

A

Paragonimus westermani

83
Q

Schistome eggs may be recovered in rectal biopsy

A

Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosoma mansoni

84
Q

Scientific name of the head of a tapeworm

A

Scolex

85
Q

Worms have an oral and ventral shaped sucker in the adult stage

A

Trematodes

86
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Flukes

Tapeworms

87
Q

First intermediate host of the flukes

A

Snail

88
Q

Common names for the schistosomes

A

Blood flukes

89
Q

Common name for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese liver fluke

90
Q

What is schistosomule

A

Cercariae minus tail

91
Q

Beef tapeworm is the common name for

A

T. saginata

92
Q

Tapeworm proglottid makes its way across the fecal specimen by doubling movements and is seen under the microscope to have numerous regular uterine branches (more than 15) resembling those of a tree

A

T. saginata

93
Q

Unarmed scolex

A

Beef tapeworm

94
Q

Taenia has 7-12 uterine branches

A

T. solium

95
Q

A hexacanth embryo enclosed in a radially striated shell belongs to the genus

A

Taenia

96
Q

Tapeworm infection has to be treated with great care so that man does not acquire the larval infection

A

Taeniasis solium

97
Q

A bile stained egg that is 75 microns at its greatest diameter and contains a hexacanth embryo that lacks polar knobs or filaments is that of

A

H. diminuta

98
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

H. nana

99
Q

Eggs of Echinococcus granulosus are found in the feces of

A

Dogs

100
Q

Found in the intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid cyst

101
Q

Hydatid cyst infection of man is due to a larva of the tapeworm

A

E. granulosus

102
Q

First intermediate host of D. latum

A

copepod

103
Q

Second intermediate host of D. latum

A

Freshwater fish

104
Q

Infective stage of the broad fish tapeworm to humans

A

Plerocercoid

105
Q

Eggs of this tapeworm are developed and have an operculum at one and a small abopercular knob at the other end

A

D. latum

106
Q

Worm that can cause Megaloblastic anemia

A

D. latum

107
Q

Worms have separate sexes

A

Blood flukes

108
Q

Male roundworm is differentiated from the female roundworm by its

A

Dorsally curved posterior

109
Q

Best way to demonstrate a pinworm infection is by what technique

A

Cellophane tape preparation

110
Q

The gravid female of E. vermicularis deposits her embryonated eggs

A

On the perianal skin

111
Q

Eggs that average 60 microns in length, are oval with one flattened side and contain a motile larva

A

E. vermicularis

112
Q

Eggs that are bile stained and have clear polar plugs

A

Whipworm

113
Q

nematodes does NOT have a free living stage

A

E. vermicularis

114
Q

Stage of Trichuris trichiura infective to humans

A

Embryonated egg

115
Q

Where does the larva of Ascaris lumbricoides go after it hatches in the small intestine

A

Migrates through the blood, liver, lungs, pharynx and then back to the small intestine

116
Q

If an Ascaris egg lacks its bile stained mammilliated coat, we refer to the egg as

A

Decorticated

117
Q

T. trichiura, hookworm and ___ form the “unholy three” of roundworms

A

A. lumbricoides

118
Q

First stage larva of intestinal nematodes

A

Rhabditiform larva

119
Q

Organisms cause infections where the larvae migrate into the lymphatics and blood, lung, alveoli, bronchiolus, pharynx and then to small intestines

A

N. americanus
A. duodenale
S. stercoralis

120
Q

An embryo in the two to eight cell stage of cleavage
Oval, thin shell
Clear space between shell and embryo

A

eggs of Hookworms

121
Q

Helminth that induces a hypochromic microcytic anemia in its hosts

A

Hookworm

122
Q

The rhabditiform larva of the hookworm has a

A

Long buccal cavity equal to the width of the body

123
Q

Larval worms enters the hosts by penetration of the skin

A

S. stercoralis
A. duodenale
N. americanus

124
Q

A roundworm that inhabits the SI and usually is demonstrated as rhabditiform larvae in the fecal specimen

A

Threadworm

125
Q

Muscle biopsy is a diagnostic technique employed to detect

A

Trichinosis

126
Q

Roundworms that gave birth to her young

A

Wuchereria
Mansonella
Brugia

127
Q

A viviparous female nematode

A

Produces living larvae

128
Q

One of the differential characteristics of the microfilariae is the presence or absence of

A

A sheath

129
Q

Adults of filarial worms live in

A

Lymphatics and subcutaneous tissue

130
Q

One of the pathological findings in infestations of Wuchereria

A

Elephantiasis

131
Q

Intermediate host of guinea worm

A

Copepod

132
Q

Dirofilaria immitis is the

A

Dog heartworm

133
Q

Dracunculus infections cause ulcers that

A

On contact with water, release larvae

134
Q

Microfilaria does NOT have sheath

A

Mansonella

135
Q

Eye worm

A

Loa loa

136
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption is caused by

A

Filariform larvae of Dog hookworm

137
Q

Causes a chronic cough, pulmonary and artery obstruction but no invasion of the heart in humans

A

Dirofialria immitis

138
Q

Caused by the ingestion of snails by humans

A

Rat lungworm

139
Q

Cercarial dermatitidis commonly known as swimmer’s itch is caused by

A

Cercariae of schistosomes

140
Q

Scientific name of the body of a tapeworm

A

Strobila

141
Q

The gravid segments of a tapeworm are filled with

A

Eggs

142
Q

A six hooked embryo

A

Hexacanth

143
Q

“Ground itch” occurs in infections of hookworms at the

A

Site of larval penetration of the skin

144
Q

Direct examination of stool specimens stained with iodine make the trophozoite of the Protozoa stain what color

A

Trophozoites are destroyed by iodine

145
Q

What color does the cytoplasm of protozoan cysts stain in an iodine wet stool preparation

A

Yellow-brown

146
Q

What color do chromatoid bodies of protozoan cyst stain in an iodine wet stool preparation

A

Do not stain

147
Q

Advantages of the sedimentation mtd of concentrating stool specimen

A

All eggs will sediment
Recovers operculated eggs
Fecal debris and soluble material can be removed

148
Q

Trophozoite structures of protozoans when stained with trichrome stain appear

A

Glycogen- colorless
Nucleus-red purple
Charcoat leyden crystals- bright red

149
Q

When stained in trichrome stain, chromatoid bodies appear what color

A

Bright to red

150
Q

The preservative to be employed with the trichrome stain is

A

Polyvinyl alcohol

151
Q

The ideal temperature at which hold a fecal specimen for more than 1 hour is

A

refrigerator temperature

152
Q

Preferred Sp. Gr. of zinc sulfate solution for the flotation mtd

A

1.18

153
Q

type of blood specimen is preferred for preparing blood smears for protozoa

A

Finger puncture

154
Q

What will happen if blood from a finger stick mixes with the alcohol used to clean the area

A

“Fixes” red blood cells

155
Q

Venipuncture blood is not recommended for

A

Malaria, Babesia, Hemoflagellates

156
Q

To detect stippling, prepare blood films venipuncture within

A

30 minutes to 1 hour after being drawn

Apollon (4 decks)

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