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Apollon > MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > Flashcards

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Members of the plant kingdom
Lack of roots and stems
Lack chlorophyll

A

Fungi

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2
Q

Coenocytic hyphae

A

Aseptate hyphae

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3
Q

Type of mycoses produce no cellular response by the host

A

Superficial mycoses

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4
Q

Arthroconidia on the outside of the hair as well hyphae within the hair shaft

A

Ectothrix

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5
Q

True yeast produce what in the asexual stage

A

Blastoconidia

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6
Q

Septate hyphae have

A

Divisions

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7
Q

Molds with aseptate hyphae produced a specialized hyphal structure called

A

Sporangiospore

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8
Q

Basic, branching, intertwining structures of molds

A

Mycelium

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9
Q

Arthroconidia are formed

A

directly from hyphae by fragmentation

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10
Q

Mycelia within the colony that grow into the substrate are called

A

Vegetative hyphae

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11
Q

Chlamydospores that grow within the hyphae

A

Intercalary

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12
Q

Budding forms in which the daughter cell forms as a bud from a single mother cell or forms laterally from a mycelium or pseudo mycelium

A

Blastospores

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13
Q

Result of asexual production

A

Ascospores

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14
Q

Conidia are

A

Asexual spores

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15
Q

Macroconidia are usually

A

Multicellular

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16
Q

Swollen portion of the conidiophore is called

A

Vesicle

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17
Q

NOT apply to true yeast

A

They exhibit thermal dimorphism

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18
Q

Conidia with rough spiny surfaces are described as

A

Echinulate

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19
Q

Conidia in chains are said to be

A

Catenate

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20
Q

When preparing temporary mounts of fungal elements, why is the slide gently heated?

A

Increase the rate of clearing

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21
Q

Acts as a clearing agent to eliminate debris and make fungal elements more prominent in skin, hair, nails

A

10% KOH

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22
Q

Stain in Aman medium

A

Cotton blue

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23
Q

In the Periodic Acid Schiff stain (PAS), what colors denote the presence of GLYCOGEN

A

Red to violet

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24
Q

Stain used for delineation of fungal elements by fluorescent microscopy

A

Calcofluor white

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25
Q

When the fungus wall is invinsible with the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, which of the following may be used to restain the slide

A

Periodic acid Schiff stain

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26
Q

Color of FUNGAL elements in acridine orange staining procedure

A

Fluoresces a green color

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27
Q

How does Mycosel medium differ from Sabouraud dextrose agar

A

Contains chlorampenicol and cycloheximide

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28
Q

Fungus medium used for the primary isolation and maintainance of fungal cultures

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

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29
Q

Indcator in Dermatophyte Test Medium

A

Phenol Red

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30
Q

If 1% glucose is added to cornmeal agar, Trichopython rubrum can be differentiated from Trichophyton mentagrophytes by the production of

A

Pigment

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31
Q

Fungi shoul be incubated at

A

25-30 C

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32
Q

How long should fungus cultures be held before reporting as negative

A

30 days

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33
Q

Antibiotics added to media for the isolation of pathogenic fungi from contaminated material

A

Cycloheximide and chlorampenicol

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34
Q

Media stimulates the production of chlamydospores

A

Cornmeal agar

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35
Q

Media identifies species of aspergillus

A

Czapek’s agar

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36
Q

Positive resul in the hair baiting test

A

V-shaped penetration of the hair shaft

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37
Q

Tinea infection is commonly referred to as

A

Ringworm

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38
Q

Organism that cause white piedra

A

Trichosporon beigelii

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39
Q

Tinea unguinum is a dermatophyte infection of the

A

Nail plates

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40
Q

The favus type of Tinea capitis is caused by

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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41
Q

Anthrophilic

A

Microsporon audouni

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42
Q

Hairs infected with which of these dermatophytes fluoresce under Wood’s lamp

A

Microsporum canis

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43
Q

Colonization by dermatophytic fungi of the hair, nails and skin is called

A

Dermatophytoses

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44
Q

Fungi that cause dermatophytoses

A

Epidermophyton
Trichophyton
Microsporum

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45
Q

Produces macroconidia that are large, multicellular and club shaped with smooth walls

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

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46
Q

NOT true

A

T. rubrum is noted for its balloon forms

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47
Q

Produces small, vey slow growing colonies and has favic chandeliers

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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48
Q

Diagnostic for chromoblastomycosis

A

Sclerotic body

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49
Q

Found in yeast phase of Sporothrix schenckii on culture medium at 37 C

A

Cigar shaped yeast cells

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50
Q

Result of an antigen-antibody reaction in cases of sporotrichosis

A

Asteroid body

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51
Q

In older mold cultures of Sporothrix schenckii, single conidia borne along the sides of hyphae are referred as

52
Q

Infections that is caused by dermatiaceous saprobes that invade organs of immunosuppressed host

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

53
Q

Most common cause of mycetoma (maduramycosis) in the US

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii

54
Q

Dermatiaceous fungi have colonies with

A

Surface and reverse side dark

55
Q

Dermatiaceous fungi

A

Phialophora and Cladosporium

56
Q

Sclerotic bodies are found in tissue in an infection with

A

Cladosporium

57
Q

NOT cause infection of chromoblastomycosis

58
Q

Fungus that grows as a mold at 35-37 C and at 25 C

A

Monomorphic

59
Q

True fungi that produce hyphae and spore forms

60
Q

Causes an infection by hyaline saprobes that invade most tissues or body fluids of immunosuppresed host

A

Aspergillus
Penicillium marneffei
Fusarium moniliforme

61
Q

If you observe cleistothecia containing ascospores, report organism as

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii

62
Q

Actinomyces are best classified as

A

Fungus like bacteria

63
Q

Anaerobic, gram positive but not acid fast and does not stain with fungal stains

A

Actinomyces israelli

64
Q

Has a capsule

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

65
Q

When culturing Cryptococcus on Sabouraud dextrose agar, what antibiotics should not be in the medium

A

Cycloheximide

66
Q

In the direct microscopic examination of CSF, what is mistaken as lymphocyte

A

Cryptococcus

67
Q

Why does Cryptococcus neoformans pproduce a brown color on Birdseed or staib agar

A

Assimilates creatinine

68
Q

C. neoformans latex agglutination test on spinal fluid detects cryptococcal

69
Q

Candida albicans produces

A

Blastospores
Chlamydospores
Pseudohyphae

70
Q

Another name of oral candidiasis

71
Q

Presumptive identification of Candida albicans can be made by checking the ability of the organism to produce

72
Q

Cornmeal agar plus Tween 80 is used to identify Candida albicans through the organisms production of

A

Chlamydospores

73
Q

Geotrichum candidum colonies appear as

A

Rapid, yeast like growth

74
Q

Laboratory workers are in no danger when handling which form of dimorphic fungi

A

Yeast form (tissue)

75
Q

Sepedonium produces spiny, tuberculate macroconidia but is a

A

Monomorphic mold

76
Q

Produced by Geotrichum candidum

A

Rectangular, evenly staining arthroconidia

77
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

78
Q

Tissue phase of Histoplasma capsulatum characteristically shows

A

Yeast cells within macrophages

79
Q

Characteristic structures of the mycelial phase of Histoplasma capsulatum are

A

Tuberculate chlamydospores

80
Q

Leishmania can be differentiated from Histoplasma because Leishmania has

A

Cental nuclear material

81
Q

Test that may be sued instead of conversion when identifying dimorphic fungi

A

Exoantigen test

82
Q

In the mycelial form, Blastomyces dermatitidis produces

A

Conidiophores that resemble lollipops

83
Q

A yeast form with a single broad based bud would identify an organism as

A

Blastomyces

84
Q

The characteristic structures of the mycelial phase of blastomycosis are

A

Small pear shape conidia called lollipops

85
Q

Yeastlike forms with multiple buds

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

86
Q

Immature spherules of Coccidioides are differentiated from yeast forms of Blastomyces because

A

They never bud

87
Q

Fungi that is a major biohazard to laboratory personnel

A

Coccidiodes immitis

88
Q

Exoantigen test is a

A

Microscopic immunodiffusion test

89
Q

In the exoantigen test for Histoplasma capsulatum, which bands are present in a positive result

A

H and/or M

90
Q

When differentiating Histoplasma capsulatum from Leishmania using special fungus stains, Leishmania stains

A

Will not stain

91
Q

Bands in the Exoantigen test for Blastomyces dermatitidis is present in positive result

92
Q

Fungi produces a spherule that is filled with endospores

A

Coccidiodes immitis

93
Q

Zygomycosis is caused by

A

Mucor

Rhizopus

94
Q

Fungal elements in zygomycosis show hyphae that are

A

Broad and nonseptate

95
Q

A mature virus particle containing a nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat, with or without envelope is called a

96
Q

Viruses are characterized by the presence of

A

DNA and RNA

97
Q

Largest DNA virus

98
Q

Smallest RNA virus

A

Enterovirus

99
Q

First step in the replication of cycle of a virus

A

Attachment and Penetration

100
Q

The virus capsid morphology is

A

Helical or icosahedral

101
Q

From what part of the virus is the envelope acquired

A

Nuclear or cytoplasmic membrane

102
Q

Where is the site of virion assembly

A

Nucleus or cytoplasm

103
Q

DNA virus

A

Herpesviridae

104
Q

RNA virus

A

Pseudomyxoviridae

105
Q

Specimens collected for virus isolation should be kept at

106
Q

Transport temperature of viruses

107
Q

In what family of viruses, after primary infection, does an individual become latently infected and then the infection can be reactivated

A

Herpesviridae

108
Q

Cytomegalovirus isolation is best accomplished using

A

Human emryonic fibroblasts

109
Q

Virus causes acute acute central nervous system disease in humans and animals

110
Q

Specimens should be collected from a patient with suspected enteroviral meningitis

A

Stool
Throat swab
CSF

111
Q

Influenza A viruses can be detected in cell cultures by

A

Hemadsorption assay

112
Q

The best host system for influenza virus isolation are

A

Monkey kidney cells

Embryonated hen’s egg

113
Q

What common antigen is cross reactive in all human adenoviruses

114
Q

NOT characteristics similar to both influenza and parainfluenza

A

Segmented RNA genome

115
Q

Myxoviridae virus envelope contains both

A

Neuraminidase and hemagglutinin

116
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions are elementary bodies of the

117
Q

Geman Measles is caused by

A

Rubella virus

118
Q

Mild form of small pox

119
Q

Laboratory procedures that is routinely used for the detection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in blood donors

A

Solid phase RIA

ELISA

120
Q

Most raapid mtd for diagnosis of a virus infection

A

Direct electron microscopy

121
Q

Specimen collected from a patient with suspected influenza

A

Throat swab

122
Q

Virus group contains a double stranded, segmented RNA genome

123
Q

Enteroviruses can be differentiared from rhinoviruses by

A

Acid resistance

124
Q

Virus most frequent cause of gastroenteritis in children during the winter months

125
Q

NOT resistant to ether treatment

A

Herpesviruses

126
Q

Most common method for rapid electron microscopy examination is

A

Negative staining

127
Q

Various virus groups can be differentiated in negatively stained specimens by their

A

Morphology

Apollon (4 decks)

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