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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What are ticks a major vector of?

A

Rickettsia

And other viruses, bacteria and protozoan

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1
Q

When is Toxoplasmosis must dangerous?

A

Acute infection in pregnant women

Immunosuppressed people

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1
Q

Under what circumstances can *Ascaris *infection be ruled out?

A

If a person hasn’t been to an endemic area for over 2 years

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2
Q

How do you diagnose giardiasis?

A

Cysts in faeces

IgA serology in faeces

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2
Q

What type of lifecycle does *Echinococcus *have?

A

Predator-prey

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3
Q

Where in the body does *Schistosoma *mature?

A

In the portal circulation

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3
Q

How do human become infected with Taenia?

A

Consumption of cysts in uncooked meat

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4
Q

Which tick species is the most important in terms of human disease in Australia?

A

Ixodes holocyclus

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4
Q

How do you treat Echinococcus cysts?

A

Surgery

PAIR

Antihelminths

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6
Q

What is the name of the new treatment for lice?

A

Topical ivermectin

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7
Q

What does tick paralysis sometime resemble?

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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7
Q

How do you prevent tick infestation?

A

Protective clothing

Repellent

Body inspection after walking

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7
Q

How do you control amoebiasis?

A

Clean drinking water

Sewage treatment

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8
Q

What is the clinical history of amoebic cysts?

A

Prolonged diarrhoea followed by cyst symptoms

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10
Q

What makes you scratch in lice infestations?

A

Lice aand moults are irritants

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11
Q

How is schistosomiasis acquired?

A

Swimming in frest water (cercaria penetrate skin)

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12
Q

How many eggs can a Ascaris lumbricoides female lay per day?

A

200,000

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14
Q

Where does Sarcoptes scabiei prefer to infest?

A

Fingerwebs

Elbows

Axillae

Genitals

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis?

A

Light infection: dermatitis, asymptomatic

Heavy infection: Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, collateral circulation, portal hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

Is the most important fluke (trematode) infection?

A

Schistosoma mansonii

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17
Q

How is *Toxoplasma gondii *transmitted?

A

Ingestion of cyst in water, cat faeces or uncooked meat

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17
Q

How can you diagnose *Ascaris *infection?

A

Eggs in faeces

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18
Q

What are some diagnostic techniques for Strongyloides?

A

Serology

Eggs in faeces

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18
Q

What are some disease control strategies for schistosomiasis?

A

Sewage treatment

Kill snails

Treat carriers

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19
Where does *Toxoplasma gondii* infect?
Intracellularly Form cysts in tissue
19
Which worms undergo a tracheal migration?
* Ascaris* * Strongyloides*
20
Where do *Ascaris *eggs hatch?
In the GIT of host after maturing outside
21
How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?
Serology
21
What is the pre-patent period of *Enterobius*?
4-6 weeks
22
Name three species of lice and their site of infestation
Pediculus capitis Pediculus humanis Phthuris pubis
23
Which worm can perform immunological masking to avoid the immune response?
*Schistosoma*
24
How many eggs can female lice lay per day?
3-9
24
What are some control stategies for *Strongyloides*?
Sewage treatment Wear shoes
25
What disease control techniques are available for *Taenia*?
Treat carriers Avoid uncooked pork Sewage disposal Hygiene Vaccination of pigs
26
What do *Echinococcus* cyst common occur?
Lung Liver
29
Is lice infestation greater in people with poor hygiene?
No
31
What is the name of lice infestation?
Pediculosis
33
What is a paratenic host?
A host in which the parasite can enter, not undergo sexual reproduction but remain infectious
35
How do you diagnose *E. histolytica*?
Serology Faecal cysts (Imaging for cysts)
36
What is the treatment for giardiasis?
Tinidazole
38
How is *E. histolytica* transmitted?
F-O: usually water
39
Where does *Entamoeba histolytica *infect in the host?
Colon Can invade and form cysts in the liver or brain
39
What are two tapeworms?
Taenia Echinococcus
39
How does *Echinococcus *cause disease?
Adult leaves the GIT and encysts in tissue
40
How does *Emtamoeba histolytica *travel around the body?
Haematogenous spread
40
Why is treatment for *Taenia *with anti-helmintics sometimes bad?
It can stimulate a immune response and lead to epileptic fits
41
What are the symptoms of giardiasis?
Diarrhoea Chronic or acute malabsorption
42
What is happening to the prevalence of Phthuris pubis?
It is decreasing
43
Can you do serological testing for giardiasis?
Only IgA in the faeces as *Giardia *doesn't get into the circulation to cause a systematic immune response
45
How is *Strongyloides *transmitted?
Direct penetration of host by larvae (usually feet)
46
Which helminth doesn't require a second host?
Strongyloides
47
What do you treat amoebiasis with?
Metroniazole + paromomycin Abscess drainage
48
How many eggs does the *Strongyloides *female produce per day
50
50
What are the symptoms of *Ascaris *infection?
Asymptomatic mainly Can cause pneumonitis or intestinal blockage (pancreatitis, cholangitis
51
Where is *Ixodes holocyclus* distributed in Australia?
Eastern coast
53
What is a common zoonotic host of *Giardia intestinalis *in Australia?
Possums - they can contaminate water supplies
54
What are larval cysts of *Echinococcus *called?
Hydatid cysts
55
What is a complication of *Strongyloides *infection in the immunosuppressed?
Gram negative disease - larval migration take gram negatives with them - cause secondary infection outside GIT, septicaemia
56
How is Pediculus humanis spread?
On clothing
57
Which *Taenia* species causes neurocystocercosis
*solium*
59
What type of parasite is *Emtamoeba histolytica?*
Protozoan, Amoeba
60
How to diagnose *Taenia*?
Serology Imaging
62
In which worm infection does autoinfection occur?
Enterobius Strongyloides (new eggs hatch in GIT before being excreted)
64
What are diseaes control methods for *Echinoccocus*?
Hygiene Vaccine livestock Prevent infection in dogs
65
How can *Ascaris* cause asthma like symptoms?
Tracheal migration through the lungs
66
How many eggs can *Taenia* produce per day?
300,000
67
Where does embryonation of *A. lumbricoides* occur? How long does it take?
In soil 2-4 weeks
68
What are the two types of paralysis that ticks can cause?
Local or generalised (like Guillain-Barre)
69
What are three types of roundworms?
Pinworms (Enterobus vermicularis) Strongyloides sterceralis Ascaris lumbricoides

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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