Energy Regulation and Obesity Flashcards
Which neurotransmitters suppress appetite?
MSH
CART
What percentage of energy expenditure is accounted for by basal metabolic rate?
65-75%
What is the function of leptin?
Signal to the brain how much fat one has
What is the postulated affect of insulin on the liver?
Increase appetite
How much of obesity is genetically determined?
70%
How does the metabolism of obese people compare to non-obese?
Same
Where in the brain are HPY, AGRP, MSH and CART produced?
Arcuate nucleus
How is leptin transported into the brain?
A receptor on the choroid plexus
Which category is fidgeting included in?
Activity
What do long chain fatty acids do to appetite?
They suppress it
How does glucose and nutrients suppress appetite?
They inhibit the beta-oxidation of low chain fatty acids (an appetite suppressor and beta-oxidation inactivated LCFAs)
How much energy is stored in 1gram of fat?
7000cal
Which part of the brain controls appetite?
Hypothalamus
What are some causes of spontaneous weight loss?
Thyrotoxicosis
Untreated type 1 diabetes
CF
Infection
Malignancy
What is anorexia defined as?
Loss of 25% of original body weight
Which neurotransmitters stimulate appetite?
NPY
AGRP
What are 3 techniques of measuring total energy expenditure?
Whole room respiratory chambers
Metabolic carts
Double labelled water
What accounts for the increase in the prevalence of obesity?
Epigenetics
T/F Obese people lack leptin?
False, they are insensitive to it
That amount of the leptin produced is proportional to what?
The amount of fat on the body
What happens to fidgeting when one forced into caloric surplus?
Fidgets increases
What happens when Orexin is knocked out in mice?
Narcolepsy
How does eating effect the thermogenesis energy expenditure?
Increases it
Will all people who are forced overfed gain weight?
No, some do and some don’t
Which cell synthesizes leptin?
Adipocytes
What was abnormal with db/db mice?
Leptin receptor
What happens when insulin is injected into the brains of mice?
They eat less
What was abnormal with ob/ob mice?
Lack leptin
T/F Obese people’s leptin functions normally
False, they have a polymorphism that prevents it from functioning
