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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > Energy Regulation and Obesity > Flashcards

Energy Regulation and Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurotransmitters suppress appetite?

A

MSH

CART

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2
Q

What percentage of energy expenditure is accounted for by basal metabolic rate?

A

65-75%

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2
Q

What is the function of leptin?

A

Signal to the brain how much fat one has

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3
Q

What is the postulated affect of insulin on the liver?

A

Increase appetite

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5
Q

How much of obesity is genetically determined?

A

70%

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6
Q

How does the metabolism of obese people compare to non-obese?

A

Same

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7
Q

Where in the brain are HPY, AGRP, MSH and CART produced?

A

Arcuate nucleus

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7
Q

How is leptin transported into the brain?

A

A receptor on the choroid plexus

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8
Q

Which category is fidgeting included in?

A

Activity

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9
Q

What do long chain fatty acids do to appetite?

A

They suppress it

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9
Q

How does glucose and nutrients suppress appetite?

A

They inhibit the beta-oxidation of low chain fatty acids (an appetite suppressor and beta-oxidation inactivated LCFAs)

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10
Q

How much energy is stored in 1gram of fat?

A

7000cal

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11
Q

Which part of the brain controls appetite?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

What are some causes of spontaneous weight loss?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Untreated type 1 diabetes

CF

Infection

Malignancy

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13
Q

What is anorexia defined as?

A

Loss of 25% of original body weight

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14
Q

Which neurotransmitters stimulate appetite?

A

NPY

AGRP

15
Q

What are 3 techniques of measuring total energy expenditure?

A

Whole room respiratory chambers

Metabolic carts

Double labelled water

15
Q

What accounts for the increase in the prevalence of obesity?

A

Epigenetics

16
Q

T/F Obese people lack leptin?

A

False, they are insensitive to it

17
Q

That amount of the leptin produced is proportional to what?

A

The amount of fat on the body

19
Q

What happens to fidgeting when one forced into caloric surplus?

A

Fidgets increases

21
Q

What happens when Orexin is knocked out in mice?

A

Narcolepsy

22
Q

How does eating effect the thermogenesis energy expenditure?

A

Increases it

23
Q

Will all people who are forced overfed gain weight?

A

No, some do and some don’t

24
Q

Which cell synthesizes leptin?

A

Adipocytes

26
Q

What was abnormal with db/db mice?

A

Leptin receptor

27
Q

What happens when insulin is injected into the brains of mice?

A

They eat less

28
Q

What was abnormal with ob/ob mice?

A

Lack leptin

29
Q

T/F Obese people’s leptin functions normally

A

False, they have a polymorphism that prevents it from functioning

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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