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Parasitology Flashcards

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0
Q

One species benefits without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

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1
Q

Process of living together of 2 unlike organisms

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

Both species benefit one another

A

Mutualism

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3
Q

One species benefits while harming the other

A

Parasitism

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4
Q

Lives inside the body of the host; Presence in host connotes infection

A

Endoparasite

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5
Q

Lives outside the body of the host; Presence in host connotes infestation

A

Ectoparasite

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6
Q

Need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete development and propagation

A

Obligate Parasite

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7
Q

May exist in a free-living state but becomes parasitic when the need arises

A

Facultative Parasite

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8
Q

Establishes itself in a host it does not ordinarily live

A

Accidental or Incidental Parasite

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9
Q

Remains on host for life

A

Permanent Parasite

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10
Q

Lives on host for short period of time

A

Temporary Parasite

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11
Q

Free-living organism that passes through digestive tract with infecting the host

A

Spurious Parasite

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12
Q

Parasite attains sexual maturity

A

Definitive or Final Host

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13
Q

Harbors the asexual or larval stage

A

Intermediate Host

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14
Q

Parasite does not develop further to later stages

A

Paratenic Host

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15
Q

Allow life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

A

Reservoir Host

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16
Q

Transmits parasite from one host to another

A

Vector

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17
Q

Transmits parasite only after it has completed its development

A

Biologic Vector

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18
Q

Mechanical or Phoretic Vector

A

Only transports the parasite

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19
Q

Process of inoculating an infective agent

A

Exposure

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20
Q

Establishment of infective agent inside host

A

Infection

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21
Q

Between infection and evidence o symptoms

A

Incubation Period (Clinical)

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22
Q

Between infection and demonstration of infection

A

Pre-patent Period (Biological)

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23
Q

Infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

A

Auto infection

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24
Q

Infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection

A

Hyperinfection or Superinfection

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25
Q

E. histolytica trophozoites secrete cysteine proteases which digest cellular material

A

Enzymatic Interference

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26
Q

Plasmodium invades RBCs and cause rupture

A

Invasion and Destruction

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27
Q

D. latum competes with host for available supply of Vitamin B12

A

Nutrient Deprivation

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28
Q

E. histolytica produces suppressor factor that inhibits monocyte movement

A

Immune Suppression

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29
Q

Surface protein variation in T. gambiense

A

Antigenic Variation

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30
Q

E. granulosus carries blood group antigens

A

Host Mimicry

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31
Q

T. gondii multiplies inside macrophages

A

Intracellular Sequestration

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32
Q

Pseudopod-forming nonflagellated protozoa (Brownian Movement); Most invasive parasite among Entamoeba; Eukaryotic organism that lacks membrane-bound organelles; Fecal-oral route; Mature cysts; Trophozoites, mature cysts, immature cysts

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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33
Q

Mediates adherence

A

Lectin

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34
Q

For penetration

A

Amoebapores

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35
Q

For cytopathic effect

A

Cysteine proteases

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36
Q

Dysentery without fever; Flask-shaped colon ulcers

A

Amebic colitis

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37
Q

Associated with dysentery

A

Ameboma

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38
Q

Most common extraintestinal form;

Anchovy sauce-like aspirate

A

Amebic liver abscess

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39
Q

Treatment for cyst carrier state

A

Diloxanide furoate

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40
Q

Treatment of Amebic colitis

A

Metronidazole

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41
Q

Treatment of Amebic Liver Abscess

A

Metronidazole

Percutaneous drainage for nonresponders

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42
Q

Flagellate that lives in the duodenum, jejunum and upper ileum; Falling leaf motility; Simple asexual life cycle; Covered with variant surface proteins

A

Giardia lamblia

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43
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhea and excessive flatus, smelling like rotten eggs

A

Acute Infection of Giardia lamblia

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44
Q

Constipation, weight loss and Steatorrhea

A

Chronic Infection of Giardia lamblia

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45
Q

Treatment of Giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole

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46
Q

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa; Undergoes schizogony and gametogony; Autoinfection in immunocompromised patients; fecal-oral route; thick-walled oocysts

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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47
Q

Treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

DOC: Nitazoxanide

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48
Q

Urogenital protozoan; Exists only as a trophozoite; Pear-shaped, flagellated trophozoites; Sexual intercourse transmission; “Pingpong” transmission

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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49
Q

Watery, foul-smelling, greenish vaginal discharge, accompanied by itching and burning; Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomoniasis

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50
Q

Treatment of Trichomoniasis

A

Single oral dose of 2 grams (4 500mg tablets) of Metronidazole

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51
Q

Blood and tissue sporozoa; Most important parasitic disease in man; Asexual life cycle consists of shizogony and gametogony; Sexual life cycle involves sporogony; Bite of infected female mosquito (Anopheles flavirostris minimus)

A

Plasmodium spp.

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52
Q

Recurrence of symptoms after a temporary abatement; Seen in P. falciparum and P. malariae

A

Recrudescence

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53
Q

Return of a disease after its apparent cessation (1-6mos) due to reactivation of hypnozoites; Seen in P. ovale and P. vivax

A

Relapse

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54
Q

Punctate granulations present in red blood cells invaded by P. ovale and P. vivax

A

Schuffner Dots

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55
Q

Coarse granulations present in red blood cells invaded by P. falciparum

A

Maurer Dots

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56
Q

Fine dots present in red blood cells invaded by P. malariae

A

Ziemann Dots

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57
Q

Paroxysmal fever with malaise and bone pains, hemolytic anemia, jaindice and splenomegaly; cerebral malaria (malarial or Durck granuloma); Acute renal failure (blackwater fever); Septic shock (algid malaria)

A

Malaria

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58
Q

Drug Therapy: Chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

Chloroquine

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59
Q

Drug Therapy: P. vivax and P. ovale infections

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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60
Q

Drug Therapy: Uncomplicated infections with Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Quinine + Doxycycline/Clindamycin

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61
Q

Drug Therapy: Severe or complicated infections with P. falciparum

A

Artesunate + Doxycycline/Clindamycin or Mefloquine/Malarone
OR
Quinidine gluconate

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62
Q

Drug Therapy: Chloroquine-resistance

A

Mefloquine + Doxycycline

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63
Q

Drug Therapy: Eradication of Hypnozoites

A

Primaquine

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64
Q

Drug Therapy: Severe cases or pregnant

A

Quinidine or Quinine

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65
Q

Prophylaxis: Areas without resistant P. falciparum

A

Chloroquine

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66
Q

Prophylaxis: Areas with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Malarone

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67
Q

Prophylaxis: Areas with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

A

Mefloquine

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68
Q

Prophylaxis: Areas with multidrug-resistant P. falciparum

A

Doxycycline

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69
Q

Prophylaxis: Terminal prophylaxis of P. vivax and P. ovale infections; Alternative for primary prevention

A

Primaquine

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70
Q

Tissue protozoan; Definitive host: domestic host; humans and other mammals are intermediate hosts; ingestion of cysts in raw meat, contaminated food, transplacentally; fecal oocyts; 2 types of trophozoites: tachyzoites and bradyzoites

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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71
Q

Immunocompetent; immunocompromised; Encephalitis: ring-enhancing lesions; congenital toxoplasmosis: intracranial calcifications

A

Toxoplasmosis

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72
Q

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine

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73
Q

Blood and tissue protozoan; 4 forms: amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote; transmitted by reduviid bug; trypomastigotes in blood

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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74
Q

Allowing an uninfected, laboratory-raised reduviid bug to feed on the patient

A

Xenodiagnosis

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75
Q

Periorbital edema (Romana’s sign); Nodule near bite (chagoma); Fever, LAD, and hepatosplenomegaly

A

Acute Chagas’ Disease

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76
Q

Myocarditis, megacolon, megaesophagus, achalasia

A

Chronic Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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77
Q

Treatment of Chagas’

A

Nifurtimox

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78
Q

Blood and tissue protozoan; Only 2 forms: Epimastigote, Trypomastigote; remarkable antigenic variation; Transmission: tsetse fly

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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79
Q

Indurated skin ulcer

A

Trypanosomal chancre

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80
Q

Enlargement of the posterior cervical LN

A

Winterbottom’s Sign

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81
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Kerandel’s sign

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82
Q

Plasma cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin globules

A

Mott cells

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83
Q

Treatment of Sleeping sickness

A

Suramin for blood-borne disease

Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

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84
Q

Flagellated marine protists; Algal blooms cause red tide; Most common cause in the Philippines is Pyrodinum bahamense var. compressum; transmission by eating bivalve mollusks and fish obtained from red tide

A

Dinoflagellates

85
Q

Paralytic; 15mins; Facial paresthesia, total paralysis, respiratory failure

A

Saxitoxin

86
Q

Neurotoxin; 15mins; Facial paresthesia, slurred speech, ataxia, diarrhea

A

Brevetoxin

87
Q

Diarrhetic; 30mins; Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain

A

Okadaic acid

88
Q

Amnesic; 30mins; Diarrhea, short term, memory loss, seizures

A

Domoic acid

89
Q

Free living amoeba; Common in public pools

A

Granuloma Amebic Encephalitis (Acanthamoeba castellani)

90
Q

Free living amoeba; Intranasal; Acquired while swimming in contaminated pools

A

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (Naegleria fowleri)

91
Q

Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease; Associated with pigs; Round-based, wide-necked intestinal ulcers

A

Balantidial dysentery (Balantidium coli)

92
Q

Transmitted by the bite of Ixodes tick; Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites in tetrads in the form of a Maltese cross; Blood protozoan

A

Babesia microti (Babesiosis)

93
Q

Transmitted by sandfly (Phlebotomus); Infective promastigotes

A

Leishmania spp.

94
Q

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania tropica

95
Q

Visceral Leishmaniasis / Kala-azar

A

Leishmania donovani

96
Q

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

97
Q

DOC of Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

98
Q

Coccidial sporozoa; Cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis & Isospora belli

99
Q

Intestinal cestodes; With 4 suckers and a rostellum; 5-10 primary uterine branches in a gravid proglottid; transmission: undercooked meat; Mild intestinal symptoms; can cause neurocysticercosis and worms in vitreous humor

A

Taenia solium

100
Q

Intestinal cestodes; With 4 suckers and no rostellum; 15-25 primary uterine branches in a gravid proglottid; transmission: undercooked meat; Abdominal pain, weight loss, pruritus ani

A

Taenia saginata

101
Q

Treatment of Taenia spp.

A

DOC: Praziquantel

102
Q

Has elongated sucking grooves for attachment; Have operculated eggs; intermediate hosts: fish and copepods; transmission: undercooked fish; causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

103
Q

Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Plerocercoid larvae

104
Q

Diagnostic stage of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Unembryonated egg

105
Q

Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Praziquantel

106
Q

Composed of a scolex and only three proglottids; One of the smallest tapeworms; Intermediate host: sheep/man; definitive host: dog; Transmission: ingestion of eggs; Life-threatening anaphylaxis can occur

A

Echinococcus granulosus

107
Q

Infective stage of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Embryonated egg

108
Q

Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid cysts

109
Q

Treatment of Echinococcus granulosus

A 
Surgical resection and DOC: Albendazole
PAIR procedure (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration)
110
Q

Definitive host: foxes; Intermediate host: rodents; Multiloculated cyts (honeycomb vesicles)

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

111
Q

Dwarf tapeworm; Most common tapeworm in developed countries; Eggs are directly infectious; Polar filaments and six-hooked larva

A

Hymenolepsis nana

112
Q

Rat tapeworm; Accidental parasite; Transmitted by ingestion of insects harboring eggs

A

Hymenolepsis diminuta

113
Q

Most common tapeworm of dogs and cats; Barrel-shaped proglottids

A

Dipylidium caninum

114
Q

Oriental blood fluke; Adult schistosomes exist as separate sexes; Reside in the mesenteric and portal veins; Intermediate host: snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi); Transmission: cercariae penetrate skin; Liver granulomas lead to presinusoidal obstruction, hepatomegaly, and portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma japonicum

115
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Cercariae

116
Q

Diagnostic stage of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Eggs in feces

117
Q

Diagnostics of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Kato-Katz technique

Circumoval Precipitin Test (Ovoid egg with small hook)

118
Q

Itching and dermatitis; Acute disease of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Swimmer’s itch

119
Q

Systemic hypersensitivity, resembling serum sickness; Acute disease of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Katayama Fever

120
Q

Chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, colonic, pulmonary, cerebral involvement (Jacksonian seizures)

A

Chronic disease of Schistosoma japonicum

121
Q

Treatment of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Praziquantel

122
Q

Lung fluke; Hermaphrodite; Intermediate host: Snail (Antemelania asperata), mountain crab (Sundathelphusa philippina); Transmission: undercooked/raw crab meat; chronic cough with bloody sputum, ring-shadowed opacity on chest x-ray, closely resembles tuberculosis

A

Paragonimus westermani

123
Q

Infective stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

Metacercariae

124
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

Unembryonated egg

125
Q

Diagnostics of Paragonimus westermani

A

3% NaOH preparation

126
Q

Treatment of Paragonimus westermani

A

Praziquantel

127
Q

Asian liver flukes; Hermaphrodite; Intermediate host: snail (Parafossarulus), Fish (Cyprinidae); Transmission: undercooked/raw fish

A

Clonorchis sinensis

128
Q

Infective stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

Metacercariae

129
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

Embryonated egg

130
Q

Diagnostics of Paragonimus westermani

A

Direct fecal smear

Potassium permanganate stain (melon-like ridges)

131
Q

Fever, eosinophila, LAD, and tender hepatomegaly

A

Acute disease of Paragonimus westermani

132
Q

Hepatobiliary disease, pancreatitis, Cholangiocarcinoma, Neurocirculatory dystonia

A

Chronic disease of Paragonimus westermani

133
Q

Treatment of Paragonimus westermani

A

Praziquantel

134
Q

Sheep liver fluke; Transmitted by eating watercress or other aquatic plants; Halzoun - obstructive jaundice and painful pharyngitis

A

Fasciola hepatica

135
Q

Intestinal fluke; Transmission: eating aquatic vegetation; Gland abscesses; Worm intoxication - anasarca and coma resulting from accumulation of toxins

A

Fasciolopsis buski

136
Q

Intestinal fluke; transmitted by eating raw fish containing cysts; Mimics peptic ulcer disease

A

Heterophyes heterophyes & Metagonimus yokagawai

137
Q

Most common and largest intestinal nematode; Giant roundworm; Soil-transmitted helminth; Transmission: ingestion of eggs; Major damage during larval migration; Principal site of tissue reaction is the lungs; Heavy worm burden may contribute to malnutrition

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

138
Q

Infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Embryonated egg

139
Q

Diagnostic stage of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Unembryonated egg only

140
Q

Diagnostics of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Direct fecal smear

Kato-katz technique

141
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Loeffler’s Syndrome

142
Q

Treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

DOC: Albendazole

143
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Blood-sucking nematodes; Hookworms; transmission: larvae penetrate skin; major damage due to blood loss at site of attachment causing microcytic anemia

A

Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

144
Q

Infective stage of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Filariform larvae

145
Q

Diagnostic stage of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Eggs in feces

146
Q

Ground itch at site of entry; Serpiginous tracks (cutaneous larvae migrans; eosinophilic pneumonia

A

Acute disease of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

147
Q

Diagnostics of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Direct fecal smear

Kato-katz Technique

148
Q

Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia; Hypoalbuminemia

A

Chronic Anemia of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

149
Q

Treatment of Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Albendazole

150
Q

Whipworm; Soil transmitted helminth; barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs; transmission: ingestion of eggs; burrow their hairlike anterior ends into the intestinal mucosa; Do not cause significant anemia; diarrhea and rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichiura

151
Q

Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura

A

Embryonated egg

152
Q

Diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichiura

A

Unembryonated egg

153
Q

Diagnostics of Trichuris trichiura

A

Direct fecal smear

Kato-katz Technique

154
Q

Treatment of Trichuris trichiura

A

DOC: Mebendazole

155
Q

Pinworm or seatworm; soil transmitted helminth; life cycle is confined to humans; Most common STH in developed countries (Cosmopolitan worm); transmission: ingestion of eggs, inhalation of eggs; causing perianal pruritus (Pruritus ani)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

156
Q

Infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Embryonated egg

157
Q

Diagnostic stage of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Eggs on perianal folds

158
Q

Diagnostics of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Graham’s Scotch Tape Technique

159
Q

Pruritus ani, eosinophilic enterocolitis, vulvovaginitis, appendicitis (oxyuriasis)

A

Enterobiasis

160
Q

Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis

A

DOC: Pyrantel pamoate

161
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Facultative parasites; Transmission: larvae penetrate skin; larvae penetrate intestinal wall directly without leaving host and migrate o the lungs (autoinfection)

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

162
Q

Infective stage of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Filariform larvae

163
Q

Diagnostic stage of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform larvae

164
Q

Diagnostics of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Harada-Mori Culture

165
Q

Ground itch at site of entry; mild watery diarrhea; eosinophilic pneumonia

A

Acute disease of Strongyloides stercoralis

166
Q

Serpiginous track (Larva currens); Duodenitis; Paradoxical asthma; Hyperinfection syndrome

A

Chronic disease of Strongyloides stercoralis

167
Q

Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

DOC: Ivermectin

168
Q

Intestinal nematode; Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird; peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs; Transmission: undercooked fish; Leads to ulcerative and compressive degeneration of enterocytes, resulting in severe malabsorption

A

Capillaria philippinensis

169
Q

Infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis

A

Infective larvae

170
Q

Diagnostic stage of Capillaria philippinensis

A

Unembryonated egg

171
Q

Diagnostics of Capillaria philippinensis

A

Direct fecal smear

Kato-katz technique

172
Q

Borborygmus, fever, abdominal pain, eosinophilia

A

Acute disease of Capillaria philippinensis

173
Q

Chronic watery diarrhea, edema, wasting, protein-losing enteropathy, hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Chronic disease of Capillaria philippinensis

174
Q

Treatment of Capillaria philippinensis

A

DOC: Albendazole

175
Q

Blood and tissue nematode; Most debilitating nematode infection; transmission: mosquito bite; adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that obstructs lymphatic vessels, causing lymphedema; Microfilariae do not cause symptoms

A

Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

176
Q

Infective stage of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

A

L3 larvae (3rd stage larvae)

177
Q

Diagnostic stage of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

A

Microfilariae

178
Q

Diagnostics of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

A

Thick blood smear

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine) Provocation Test

179
Q

Acute adenolymphangitis; filarial fever; Nocturnal wheezing (tropical pulmonary eosinophilia) with small epithelioid granulomas (Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies); Expatriate syndrome

A

Acute disease of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

180
Q

Hydrocoele, elephantiasis, milky urine (chyluria)

A

Chronic disease of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

181
Q

Treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi

A

Diethylcarbamazine

182
Q

Tissue nematode; intermediate hosts: pigs; transmission: undercooked pork

A

Trichinella spiralis

183
Q

Infective and Diagnostic Stage of Trichinella spiralis

A

Encysted larvae

184
Q

Diagnostics of Trichinella spiralis

A

Muscle biopsy

Xenodiagnosis

185
Q

Fever, muscle pain, periorbital edema, eosinophilia and hemorrhagic phenomena

A

Mild disease of Trichinella spiralis

186
Q

Myocarditis, encephalitis, pneumonia, respiratory myositis

A

Severe disease of Trichinella spiralis

187
Q

Treatment of Trichinella spiralis

A

DOC: Thiabendazole

188
Q

Transmitted by female blackfly (Simulium); With dermal nodules, hanging groin, lizard skin, river blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

189
Q

Lysis of worms of Onchocerca volvulus leads to

A

Mazzoti reaction (flu-like reaction)

190
Q

Treatment of Onchocerca volvulus

A

DOC: Ivermectin

191
Q

Transmitted by deer fly or mango fly (Chrysops); Subcutaneous edema (Calabar swellings); worm crawling across the conjunctiva

A

Loa loa

192
Q

Serpent of Istraelites; Guinea fire worm; Transmitted when copepods are swallowed in water; Pruritic painful papule, live worm in skin ulcer

A

Dracunculus medinensis

193
Q

Treatment of Dracunculus medinensis

A

Mechanical removal of worm

194
Q

Dog ascaris; Visceral larva migrans; ocular toxoplasmosis - ocular larva migrans, uveitis, endophthalmitis

A

Toxocara canis

195
Q

Dog and cat hookworm; creeping eruptions (cutaneous larva migrans)

A

Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense

196
Q

Transmitted in undercooked seafood, eosinophilic meningitis; Most common cause of parasitic meningitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

197
Q

Zoonotic roundworms; Ingested in raw seafood; Causes eosinophilic gastroenteritis

A

Anisakis simplex

198
Q

Infective stage of Taenia spp.

A

Cysticerci and

Eggs (T. solium)

199
Q

Diagnostic stage of Taenia spp.

A

Gravid proglottids

200
Q

Infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi and brucei

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

201
Q

Diagnostic stage of Trypanosoma cruzi and brucei

A

Trypomastigotes in blood

202
Q

Infective stage of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Fecal oocyts

203
Q

Diagnostic stage of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Trophozoite (bradyzoites)

204
Q

Infective stage of Plasmodium spp.

A

Sporozoites

205
Q

Diagnostic stage of Plasmodium spp.

A

Trophozoites (ring forms)

206
Q

Infective and Diagnostic stage of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trophozoites

207
Q

Infective and Diagnostic stage of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Thick-walled oocysts

208
Q

Infective stage of Giardia lamblia

A

Cysts

209
Q

Diagnostic stage of Giardia lamblia

A

Trophozoites, Cysts

210
Q

Infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Mature cysts

211
Q

Diagnostic stage of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Trophozoites
Mature cysts
Immature cysts

Microbiology (8 decks)

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