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Dermatology (VEM 5387) > Parasiticides and IGRs (Marsella) > Flashcards

Parasiticides and IGRs (Marsella) Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

3 parts to ectoparasite control

A
  1. On the pet, kill the adult insects (parasiticides)
  2. On the pet, prevent progression through the life cycle (IGRs)
  3. In the environment, control for adults & other life stages
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2
Q

Parasiticide targets on the flea

A
  • Axon - voltage gated sodium channels, GABA-glutamate or chloride channels
  • Synapse - calcium ACh, AChE
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3
Q

Pyrethrins - good characteristics

A
  • Safe (ok for cats & puppies)
  • Quick flea knockdown
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4
Q

Pyrethroids (permethrin) - good characteristics

A
  • binds to hair, skin
  • more photo-stable
  • longer duration of action (compared to pyrethrins)
  • Repels & kills fleas, ticks, mosquitoes
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5
Q

Pyrethrins - bad characteristics

A
  • UV inactivated
  • Short duration of action
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6
Q

Pyrethroids (permethrin) - bad characteristics

A
  • Incr. toxicity (compared to pyrethrin)
  • NEVER APPLY DIRECTLY TO CATS
    • >0.5% is toxic to cats
  • Washed off by bathing
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7
Q

Permethrin vet products

A
  • Advantix II
  • Actvivyl plus
  • Vectra 3D
  • Effitix
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8
Q

Deltamethrin

A
  • Pyrethroid ester insecticide
  • Kills fleas & ticks, repells mosquitoes & culicoides
  • Water resistant collar
  • Can cause local irritation
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9
Q

ProMeris (general)

A
  • Monthly topical
  • K9: metaflumizone + amitraz, flea & tick
  • Feline: metafluizone, flea
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10
Q

ProMeris - good characteristics

A
  • Novel binding site (overcome resistance?)
  • Easy to use
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11
Q

ProMeris

A
  • K9 product discontinued in US, causes PF reactions
  • No IGR
  • Efficacy decr. by shampoo therapy
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12
Q

Indoxacarb (Activyl)

A
  • Metabolic bioactivation in flea to kill
  • Water safe
  • Topical monthly
  • Canine product has permethrin
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13
Q

Frontline Plus - good characteristics

A
  • Concentrates in sebaceous glands
  • Photostable
  • Safe for puppies & kittens
  • Water immersion doesn’t affect efficacy
  • Combines IGR + adulticide
  • Activity on fleas & ticks
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14
Q

Frontline Plus - bad characteristics

A
  • Does not repel
  • Medicated shampoo decr. efficacy
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15
Q

Frontline Plus components

A

Fipronyl + methoprene

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16
Q

Effitix components

A

Fipronyl + permethrin

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17
Q

Tritax components

A
  • K9: firponil + cyphenothrin + methoprene
  • Cats: fipronil + etofenprox + methoprene
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18
Q

Bravecto (Fluralaner)

A
  • Oral flea & tick control
  • 12 wks
  • Not a repellant
  • Dogs & puppies >6mos old
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19
Q

NexGard (Afoxolaner)

A
  • Oral flea & tick control
  • 30 days
  • Dogs only
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20
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • No longer recommended for flea control
  • Mosquito and agricultural pest control
  • Toxic to cats & young animals (seizures)
  • Antidote: atropine & antihistamines
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21
Q

Carbamates

A
  • No longer recommended
  • Less toxic & less effective than OPs
  • Toxic signs same as OPs (seizures)
  • Antidote: atropine
  • Only environmental products available
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22
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis)

A
  • Non-abx tetracyclic macrolide
  • Oral monthly - works systemically
  • Give w/ food
  • Do NOT give w/ dogs on high dose of ivermectin
  • Lowers threshold for seizures
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23
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - good characteristics

A
  • No effect on bathing (oral tablet)
  • Flavored
  • Starts killing in 30 minutes, 100% effective within 4 hrs
  • Flea adulticide lasts 30 days
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24
Q

Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - bad characteristics

A
  • Does not repel
  • Vomiting is frequent after admin
  • No IGR
25
Q

Spinoteram (Cheristin)

A
  • Topical, montly
  • Very fast killing (< 12 hrs)
  • Cat version only
26
Q

Imidacloprid - good characteristics

A
  • Ones a month spot on for cats & dogs
  • Effective flea adulticide
  • Safe, non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic
27
Q

Imidacloprid - bad characteristics

A
  • Removed by water immersion/bathing
  • Does not repel fleas
  • No effect on ticks
  • No IGR
28
Q

Imidacloprid products

A
  • Advantage II
  • Advantix II
  • Advantage multi
  • Seresto
29
Q

Advantix II

A
  • Imidacloprid, permethrin, pyripoxyfen
  • Kills 98-100% fleas within 12 hrs
  • Repels fleas, ticks, mosquitoes
  • Somewhat water proof
  • DOGS ONLY
30
Q

Seresto

A
  • Flumethrin, imidacloprid
  • Collar
  • Waterproof
  • Lasts 8 months
  • Repels ticks
  • Kills but does not repel fleas
  • Safe for cats
31
Q

Nitenpyram (Capstar)

A
  • Oral
  • Dogs & cats
  • Given as often as every 24 hrs
  • Not flavored (used in animals undergoing food trials)
  • Useful in clinics, boarding facilities, dogs going to public places, severe infestations
32
Q

Capstar (nitenpyram) - good characteristics

A
  • Kills 90% of fleas in 4-6 hrs
  • 100% effective for 24 hrs
  • Safe in puppies & kittens
  • Ok to use w/ other products
33
Q

Capstar (nitenpyram) - bad characteristics

A
  • Only lasts 24 hrs
  • Does not repel
  • No IGR
34
Q

Vectra 3D

A
  • Dinotefuran - flea adulticide
  • Pyriproxifen - IGR
  • Permethrin - tick, mosquito, flea parasiticide
35
Q

Vectra 3D - good characteristics

A
  • IGR, adulticide, repellent all in one product
  • Labeled for fleas (all stages), ticks, mosquitoes
36
Q

Vectre 3D - bad characteristics

A
  • Efficacy decr. by bathing
  • Limited frequency of applicaion to every 4 wks
  • Toxic to cats!
37
Q

Insect growth regulators (IGRs)

A
  • Methoprene
  • Pyriproxifen
  • Lufenuron
38
Q

Methoprene - good characteristics

A
  • Active against several insects, including fleas
  • Available for pet & environmental use
39
Q

Methoprene - bad characteristics

A
  • Photo-inactivated
  • No adulticide
  • Does not repel
40
Q

Methoprene containing products

A
  • Precor
  • Frontline Plus
41
Q

Pyriproxifen - good characteristics

A
  • Works up to 6 months
  • Effects eggs & larvae
  • May have delayed adulticide activity
  • OTC for environmental use
  • Stable for both indoor & outdoor environment
42
Q

Pyriproxifen containing products

A
  • Nylar
  • Vectra 3D
  • Knockout premises
43
Q

Luferuron

A
  • Used in combo products
  • Must be given w/ food
  • Cats need higher dose than dog
  • Prevents flea repro after blood meal
  • Monthly oral
  • ex. Sentinel
44
Q

Luferuron - bad characteristics

A
  • No adulticide
  • Does not repel
  • Lag phase - 3 months if used alone for flea control
45
Q

Milbemycin

A
  • macrocyclic lactone
  • Monthly chewable
  • Cats & dogs > 4 wks
  • Labeled for heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, whipworms
  • Ex. Sentinel
46
Q

Ivermectin

A
  • Macrocyclic lactone
  • Labeled use: heartworm, hookworm, roundworm
  • Off label use: demodex, scarcoptes
  • No efficacy against fleas or ticks
  • Ex. heartgard
47
Q

HeartGard components

A

Ivermectin + pyrantel

48
Q

Selemectin (Revolution) - good characteristics

A
  • Top spot, systemically absorbed - minimized impact of bathing
  • Monthly
  • K9: ear mites, sarcoptes, heartworm, dermacentor
    • in cat: hookworms, roundworms

(macrocyclic lactone)

49
Q

Selamectin (Revolution) - bad characteristics

A
  • Poor efficacy against fleas
  • Breakthroughs reported for HW prevention
  • Does not repel
  • No IGR
50
Q

Moxidectin

A
  • Macrocyclic lactone
  • Monthly topical for cats & dogs
  • Flea & heartworm control
  • Caution w/ ivermectin sensitive breeds
  • Ex. Advantage Multi
51
Q

Advantage multi components

A

imidacloprid + moxidectin

52
Q

Formanidines

A
  • Amitraz
  • Mitaban
  • Toxic in horses & cats
53
Q

Amitraz collar (preventic)

A
  • Dogs only
  • Kills fleas & ticks
54
Q

Certifect

A
  • Not recommended
  • Amitraz & fipronyl
  • DOGS ONLY
  • Repellent & adulticide
  • Monthly topical
  • Reported cases of PF
55
Q

Environemental flea control guidelines

A
  • Focus on areas protected from UV light, moist
  • Repeat every 3 wks at peak of season
  • Combo of adulticide & IGR
56
Q

Diatomaceous earth

A
  • Nonchemical outdoor & indoor environmental flea control
  • Naturally occuring, siliceous sedimentary rock
  • Fossilized remains of diatomes
57
Q

Beneficial nematodes

A
  • Outdoor environemental flea control
  • Steinernema and Heterorhabditis
  • UV & drought harm nematodes
58
Q

Sodium polyborate

A
  • Non-chemical indoor environemental flea control
  • Will last 1 year if carpet is not shampood
59
Q

Chemical environmental flea control

A
  • Outdoor
    • Yard treatment - esfenvalerate
  • Indoor
    • Low % permethrin and nylar (knockout treatment area)

Dermatology (VEM 5387) (17 decks)

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