Parasiticides and IGRs (Marsella) Flashcards
3 parts to ectoparasite control
- On the pet, kill the adult insects (parasiticides)
- On the pet, prevent progression through the life cycle (IGRs)
- In the environment, control for adults & other life stages
Parasiticide targets on the flea
- Axon - voltage gated sodium channels, GABA-glutamate or chloride channels
- Synapse - calcium ACh, AChE
Pyrethrins - good characteristics
- Safe (ok for cats & puppies)
- Quick flea knockdown
Pyrethroids (permethrin) - good characteristics
- binds to hair, skin
- more photo-stable
- longer duration of action (compared to pyrethrins)
- Repels & kills fleas, ticks, mosquitoes
Pyrethrins - bad characteristics
- UV inactivated
- Short duration of action
Pyrethroids (permethrin) - bad characteristics
- Incr. toxicity (compared to pyrethrin)
- NEVER APPLY DIRECTLY TO CATS
- >0.5% is toxic to cats
- Washed off by bathing
Permethrin vet products
- Advantix II
- Actvivyl plus
- Vectra 3D
- Effitix
Deltamethrin
- Pyrethroid ester insecticide
- Kills fleas & ticks, repells mosquitoes & culicoides
- Water resistant collar
- Can cause local irritation
ProMeris (general)
- Monthly topical
- K9: metaflumizone + amitraz, flea & tick
- Feline: metafluizone, flea
ProMeris - good characteristics
- Novel binding site (overcome resistance?)
- Easy to use
ProMeris
- K9 product discontinued in US, causes PF reactions
- No IGR
- Efficacy decr. by shampoo therapy
Indoxacarb (Activyl)
- Metabolic bioactivation in flea to kill
- Water safe
- Topical monthly
- Canine product has permethrin
Frontline Plus - good characteristics
- Concentrates in sebaceous glands
- Photostable
- Safe for puppies & kittens
- Water immersion doesn’t affect efficacy
- Combines IGR + adulticide
- Activity on fleas & ticks
Frontline Plus - bad characteristics
- Does not repel
- Medicated shampoo decr. efficacy
Frontline Plus components
Fipronyl + methoprene
Effitix components
Fipronyl + permethrin
Tritax components
- K9: firponil + cyphenothrin + methoprene
- Cats: fipronil + etofenprox + methoprene
Bravecto (Fluralaner)
- Oral flea & tick control
- 12 wks
- Not a repellant
- Dogs & puppies >6mos old
NexGard (Afoxolaner)
- Oral flea & tick control
- 30 days
- Dogs only
Organophosphates
- No longer recommended for flea control
- Mosquito and agricultural pest control
- Toxic to cats & young animals (seizures)
- Antidote: atropine & antihistamines
Carbamates
- No longer recommended
- Less toxic & less effective than OPs
- Toxic signs same as OPs (seizures)
- Antidote: atropine
- Only environmental products available
Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis)
- Non-abx tetracyclic macrolide
- Oral monthly - works systemically
- Give w/ food
- Do NOT give w/ dogs on high dose of ivermectin
- Lowers threshold for seizures
Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - good characteristics
- No effect on bathing (oral tablet)
- Flavored
- Starts killing in 30 minutes, 100% effective within 4 hrs
- Flea adulticide lasts 30 days
Spinosad (Comfortis, Trifexis) - bad characteristics
- Does not repel
- Vomiting is frequent after admin
- No IGR
Spinoteram (Cheristin)
- Topical, montly
- Very fast killing (< 12 hrs)
- Cat version only
Imidacloprid - good characteristics
- Ones a month spot on for cats & dogs
- Effective flea adulticide
- Safe, non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic
Imidacloprid - bad characteristics
- Removed by water immersion/bathing
- Does not repel fleas
- No effect on ticks
- No IGR
Imidacloprid products
- Advantage II
- Advantix II
- Advantage multi
- Seresto
Advantix II
- Imidacloprid, permethrin, pyripoxyfen
- Kills 98-100% fleas within 12 hrs
- Repels fleas, ticks, mosquitoes
- Somewhat water proof
- DOGS ONLY
Seresto
- Flumethrin, imidacloprid
- Collar
- Waterproof
- Lasts 8 months
- Repels ticks
- Kills but does not repel fleas
- Safe for cats
Nitenpyram (Capstar)
- Oral
- Dogs & cats
- Given as often as every 24 hrs
- Not flavored (used in animals undergoing food trials)
- Useful in clinics, boarding facilities, dogs going to public places, severe infestations
Capstar (nitenpyram) - good characteristics
- Kills 90% of fleas in 4-6 hrs
- 100% effective for 24 hrs
- Safe in puppies & kittens
- Ok to use w/ other products
Capstar (nitenpyram) - bad characteristics
- Only lasts 24 hrs
- Does not repel
- No IGR
Vectra 3D
- Dinotefuran - flea adulticide
- Pyriproxifen - IGR
- Permethrin - tick, mosquito, flea parasiticide
Vectra 3D - good characteristics
- IGR, adulticide, repellent all in one product
- Labeled for fleas (all stages), ticks, mosquitoes
Vectre 3D - bad characteristics
- Efficacy decr. by bathing
- Limited frequency of applicaion to every 4 wks
- Toxic to cats!
Insect growth regulators (IGRs)
- Methoprene
- Pyriproxifen
- Lufenuron
Methoprene - good characteristics
- Active against several insects, including fleas
- Available for pet & environmental use
Methoprene - bad characteristics
- Photo-inactivated
- No adulticide
- Does not repel
Methoprene containing products
- Precor
- Frontline Plus
Pyriproxifen - good characteristics
- Works up to 6 months
- Effects eggs & larvae
- May have delayed adulticide activity
- OTC for environmental use
- Stable for both indoor & outdoor environment
Pyriproxifen containing products
- Nylar
- Vectra 3D
- Knockout premises
Luferuron
- Used in combo products
- Must be given w/ food
- Cats need higher dose than dog
- Prevents flea repro after blood meal
- Monthly oral
- ex. Sentinel
Luferuron - bad characteristics
- No adulticide
- Does not repel
- Lag phase - 3 months if used alone for flea control
Milbemycin
- macrocyclic lactone
- Monthly chewable
- Cats & dogs > 4 wks
- Labeled for heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, whipworms
- Ex. Sentinel
Ivermectin
- Macrocyclic lactone
- Labeled use: heartworm, hookworm, roundworm
- Off label use: demodex, scarcoptes
- No efficacy against fleas or ticks
- Ex. heartgard
HeartGard components
Ivermectin + pyrantel
Selemectin (Revolution) - good characteristics
- Top spot, systemically absorbed - minimized impact of bathing
- Monthly
- K9: ear mites, sarcoptes, heartworm, dermacentor
- in cat: hookworms, roundworms
(macrocyclic lactone)
Selamectin (Revolution) - bad characteristics
- Poor efficacy against fleas
- Breakthroughs reported for HW prevention
- Does not repel
- No IGR
Moxidectin
- Macrocyclic lactone
- Monthly topical for cats & dogs
- Flea & heartworm control
- Caution w/ ivermectin sensitive breeds
- Ex. Advantage Multi
Advantage multi components
imidacloprid + moxidectin
Formanidines
- Amitraz
- Mitaban
- Toxic in horses & cats
Amitraz collar (preventic)
- Dogs only
- Kills fleas & ticks
Certifect
- Not recommended
- Amitraz & fipronyl
- DOGS ONLY
- Repellent & adulticide
- Monthly topical
- Reported cases of PF
Environemental flea control guidelines
- Focus on areas protected from UV light, moist
- Repeat every 3 wks at peak of season
- Combo of adulticide & IGR
Diatomaceous earth
- Nonchemical outdoor & indoor environmental flea control
- Naturally occuring, siliceous sedimentary rock
- Fossilized remains of diatomes
Beneficial nematodes
- Outdoor environemental flea control
- Steinernema and Heterorhabditis
- UV & drought harm nematodes
Sodium polyborate
- Non-chemical indoor environemental flea control
- Will last 1 year if carpet is not shampood
Chemical environmental flea control
- Outdoor
- Yard treatment - esfenvalerate
- Indoor
- Low % permethrin and nylar (knockout treatment area)
