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Dermatology (VEM 5387) > Intro to Derm (Marsella) > Flashcards

Intro to Derm (Marsella) Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Important aspects of patient history

A
  • Onset
  • Length of time of disease
  • Seasonality
  • Relatives
  • Zoonosis
  • Environment
  • Health status (med hx)
  • Life style
  • Diet
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2
Q

Primary lesions

A
  • Macule
  • Papule
  • Plaque
  • Pustule
  • Vesicle
  • Bulla
  • Nodule
  • Wheal
  • Tumor
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3
Q

Macule

A

Area of skin altered in color, but NOT elevated (patch if > 1 cm diameter)

(primary lesion)

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4
Q

Papule

A

Solid, raised lesion that has distinct borders (< 1 cm in diameter)

(primary lesion)

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5
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated lesion w/ flattened top (> 10mm in size)

(primary lesion)

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6
Q

Pustule

A

Elevations filled w/ pus. Folicular or non-follicular.

(Primary lesion)

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7
Q

Follicular vs. Non-follicular pustules

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • +/- acantholytic cells
  • +/- bacteria
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8
Q

Vesicles

A

Small, clear fluid-filled blisters (< 1mm diameter)

(Primary lesion)

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9
Q

Pustules common with?

A

Bacterial infections and other inflammatory skin diseases

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10
Q

Vesicles seen with?

A

Acute contact dermatitis and some autoimmune diseases

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11
Q

Bulla

A

Clear fluid-filled blister (> 10mm diameter)

(Primary lesion)

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12
Q

Nodule

A

Firm lesions that extend into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue

(Primary lesion)

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13
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling or enlargement. May be neoplastic.

(primary lesion)

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14
Q

Wheal

A

AKA hive. Sharply circumscribed skin elevation produced by edema of the superficial dermis.

(Primary lesion)

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15
Q

Wheals common with?

A

Allergic reactions

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16
Q

Secondary lesions

A
  • Epidermal collarettes
  • Scale
  • Crust
  • Scar
  • Ulcer
  • Excoriation
  • Lichenification
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Hyperkeratosis
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17
Q

Epidermal collarettes

A

A circular lesion with a circular rim of scale and/or peeling edge. Developed from pastules.

(secondary lesion)

18
Q

Scale

A

Flake of abnormal or compacted epithelial cells

(secondary lesion)

19
Q

Crust

A

Dried exudate (containing leukocytes and commonly bacteria)

(secondary lesion)

20
Q

Scar

A

Fibrotic area resulting from healing of a wound or lesion

(secondary lesion)

21
Q

Scarring typically associated with?

A

Alopecia, depigmentation, and/or thinner dermis

22
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of substance on a cutaneous surface exposing inner layers of tissues. May imply full thickness loss of tissue.

(secondary lesion)

23
Q

Excoriations

A

Superficial erosion (usually from scratching or abrasion)

(secondary lesion)

24
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening of the skin secondary to chronic trauma/inflammation.

(secondary lesion)

25
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Increased pigmentation. Commonly seen w/ lichenification.

(secondary lesion)

26
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Thickening of the stratum corneum due to incr. number of keratinized cells.

(secondary lesion)

27
Q

Depigmentation

A

Loss of pigmentation

28
Q

Typical causes of depigmentation?

A

Inflammation/neoplastic processes affecting the basement membrane

29
Q

Cytology (use, sample collection methods)

A

Useful to diagnose secondary infections

  • Skin - tape, swab
  • Ear - swab
  • FNA of masses
30
Q

Superficial skin scrapings

A

Apply mineral oil, scrape up to stratum corneum (no blood)

31
Q

Deep skin scrapings

A

Scrape until you get capillary oozing, pinch, scrape, pinch, scrape

32
Q

Fungal culture

A

Collect hair on edges of lesions. Can use DTM (dermatophyte test media).

33
Q

Intradermal skin testing

A

Inject small amounts of very dilute preparation of antigens intradermally.

Read dog’s response to injected antigen 15-30min later. Compare to negative (saline dilutent) and positive (histamine phostphate) controls.

34
Q

Alopecia

A

Decrease in amount, or absence, of hair

35
Q

Comedo (comedones)

A

Accumulation of keratin and dried sebum in hair follicle.

36
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

From outward in:

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
37
Q

Erythema

A

Redness produced by capillary congestion

38
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation of hair follicles and associated adnexae

39
Q

Keratinocyte

A

Cell of the epidermis

40
Q

Seborrhea

A

Functional distrubance of sebaceous glands or of lipid metabolism of the epidermis. Accompanied by abnormal keratinization.

Dermatology (VEM 5387) (17 decks)

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