Parasitic drugs 2

Question 1

Pyrantel mechanism

Answer 1

Depolarizes NMJs
-nicotinc receptor agonists
-leads to spastic paralysis

Question 2

Pyrantel

Answer 2

-safe (7x dose before toxic effects)

-Nematodes, minimal cestodes

-Horses small strongyles often have resistance

Question 3

Pyrantel formulations

Answer 3

1. Drontal
2. Dolpac
3. Heart Gard
4. Exodus- horse
5. Strongid- horses, and extralabel use in small animals
6. Pro-Banminth premix- swine, pervention os ascaris suum

Question 4

Emodepside

Answer 4

-topical dewormer
-Profender (Emodepside and praziquantel)
-roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms
-very safe, including pregnant queens (mild GI, p-glycoprotein substrate)

Question 5

Mechanism of emodepside

Answer 5

Induced intracellular signal transduction in parasite pharynx and body wall muscle= flaccid paralysis

Question 6

Praziquantel

Answer 6

Anti cestode drug for dogs/cats, horses, cattle
-Dipylidium, Taenia, Echinoccocus
*minimal nematode activity

-found in combination with many anti-nematode drugs
OR alone as Droncit injectable/tablet

-safe for p-glycoprotein mutation (Collie dogs)

-human formulation can be useful for larger dogs (eg. Guardian dogs)

Question 7

Mechanism of Praziquantel

Answer 7

increased ICF Ca leading to spastic paralysis

Question 8

Diphyllobothrium treatment

Answer 8

-Difficult to treat. Relatively resistant to praziquantel
-may require multiple treatments or increased dose

Question 9

Droncit treatment

Answer 9

3 tablets for 40lbs dogs
-can lead to parasite resistance or decreased efficacy

Question 10

Praziquantel drug interaction with grapefruit juice

Answer 10

Grapefruit juice:
-inhibits CYP3A enzymes
-inhibit P-glycoprotein transporters

Praziquantel +Grapefruit juice:
-increased bioavailability and increased half life

Question 11

Epsiprantel

Answer 11

Cestex
-tapeworms in dogs and cats
-poor oral bioavailability but doesn’t matter because want to treat gut anyways
-very safe