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Pharmacology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  1. Somatic nerves to skeletal muscle: Ach
  2. Preganglionic nerve to adrenal medulla: Ach
  3. Preganglionic nerve to sympathetic nerves: Ach
  4. Preganglionic nerve to parasympathetic nerves: Ach
  5. Parasympathetic nerves to exocrine glands, heart, smooth muscle: Ach
  6. Sympathetic nerve to exocrine glands, heart, smooth muscle: NE
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2
Q

Receptors

A

Nicotinic: at skeletal muscle, adrenal medulla, preganglions at sympathetic and parasympathetic

Muscarinic at: exocrine glands, heart, smooth muscle

alpha 1: NE at smooth muscle

beta 2: smooth muscle

beta 1: NE at heart

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3
Q

Sympathetic ganglion

A

-preganglionic nerves between thoracic and lumbar region

Fight or flight
**Chain ganglion- responses are all or nothing! “thick if need to run away, need everything turned on at once”

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4
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion

A

-Preganglionic nerves at cervical and sacral region
*Vagus is major player

Rest and digest
-discrete activation- not everything is needed at once

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5
Q

Baroreceptor Reflex

A

Increase in arterial pressure, stretches stretch receptors in aortic arch and carotid artery

Increase parasympathetic on heart, decreases HR, decreases CO, and decrease CO=decrease BP

Decrease sympathetic on vasculature= vasodilation

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6
Q

Agonist

A

-substance that binds to a receptor and activates it
-can be an exogenous chemical
-mimics action of endogenous ligand

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7
Q

Antagonist

A

-binds to receptor and blocks its activation/effect
>blocks drugs (reversals) or endogenous activators

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8
Q

Parasympathetic vs. sympathetic system

A

-In opposition with each other
-One ANS system will have predominant tone over the other in a given organ
-blocking one system often unmasks activity of opposing system

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9
Q

Parasympathetic impact on arteries?

A

None!

BP/vasoconstriction in arterioles based on sympathetic. Will always have some firing to arteries, and then if need more, then more will fire

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10
Q

Ach

A

-bind to cholinergic receptors; two major subtypes:
1. Muscarinic receptors (M1-M5)- heart, smooth muscle, axocrine glands)
2. Nicotinic receptors (NM , NN)- skeletal muscle and ganglia

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11
Q

Drugs for muscarinic effects

A

None formulated

-these drugs tend to be “dirty”, because they target so much

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12
Q

Drugs for nicotinic receptors

A

-drugs present that can select for specific subtypes of nicotinic receptors

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13
Q

NE and Epi

A

bind to Adrenergic receptors; two major subtypes:
-alpha adrenergic (alpha1, 2)
-beta adrenergic (beta 1,2,3)

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14
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation cause?

A
  1. decreased heart rate
    2.increased gastric motility
    3.vasoconstriction
  2. micturition
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15
Q

Sympathetic in Eye

A

-alpha1: Dilate pupils (let in light)
-beta 2: Relax ciliary muscle (allows animal to see far away)

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16
Q

Parasympathetic in eye

A

-M3, M2- pupil constriction AND contraction of ciliary muscle

**allows animal to focus nearby on food… rest and digest

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17
Q

Sympathetic in head glands

A

alpha 1: slight increase in secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands
**dry, thick feeling

18
Q

Parasympathetic in head glands

A

M3: large increase in secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands
**watery, viscous

19
Q

Sympathetic stimulations causes:

A

-vasoconstriction
-increases heart rate
-decreased gastric motility
-inhibit micturition

20
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation causes

A
  • decreased heart rate
  • micturition (still voluntary control but will have increased urge)
    -increased gastric motility

**only sympathetic innervates arterioles= therefore no impact on vessels

21
Q

Sympathetic stimulations in lungs

A

**targets bronchiolar smooth muscle

-Bronchiolar dilation (more air into the lungs)

-Receptor: beta 2; need very large stimulation

22
Q

Parasympathetic stimulations in lungs

A

**targets bronchiolar smooth muscle

-Contraction

-Receptor: mostly M3, some M2

23
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on heart

A

Increased heart rate in SA node, contractility of atria and ventricles, automaticity of AV node

Receptor: mostly Beta 1, some beta 2

**goes to both pacemakers and diffusely throughout the heart

24
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation on heart

A

-Decrease in HR on SA node, decreased contractility on ventricles and atria, decreased conduction of AV node

Receptor: M2

**targets just pacemakers

25
Q

Vocabulary for cardiac changes

A
  1. chronotrophic- heart rate
  2. inotrophic= contractility/force
  3. dromotropic= speed of conduction
  4. lusotropic= relaxation
26
Q

Stimulation of blood vessels

A

-Sympathetic
-mostly alpha 1; results in constriction
-beta 2 results in dilation

**no parasympathetic stimulation

27
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on GI tract

A

-alpha and beta 1 and 2= decreased motility
- alpha 1= increased sphincter tone
-alpha 2= inhibition of secretion

28
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of GI tract

A

M2 receptors: increased motility

M3, M2 receptors= decreased sphincter tone

M3, M2 receptors= increased stimulation secretion

29
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on urinary bladder

A

beta 2= relaxation of detrusor muscle (less likely/more difficult to urinate)

alpha 1= contraction of sphincters

30
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation on bladder

A

M3= contraction of detrusor muscle (more likely/less difficult to urinate)

M3= relaxation of sphincters

31
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on sex organs

A

alpha 1 males: ejaculation

32
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation on sex organs

A

M3= erection

33
Q

sympathetic stimulation of skin

A

Sympathetic: alpha one effects sweat glands and pilomotor muscles

Parasympathetic: M3

34
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of adrenal medulla

A

NN receptors (Ach targeting nicotinic; synapses directly on adrenal medulla) results in secretion of EPI

**no parasympathetic

35
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of Kidney

A

beta 1= increased secretion of renin

**no parasympathetic stimulation

36
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of liver

A

alpha 1= glycogenolysis
beta 2= gluconeogenesis

**no parasympathetic stimulation

37
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of splenic capsule

A

alpha 1= contraction of splenic capsule

38
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on sympathetic nerves

A

alpha 2= inhibition of NE release from autoreceptor

39
Q

ANS receptor signal transduction for betas

A
  1. beta receptors are linked with G-receptors (GB type), leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase
  2. Activates cAMP
  3. increased biological effect
40
Q

ANS receptor signal transduction for alphas

A
  1. alpha receptors are linked with G-receptors (Gi type)
  2. inhibits adenylyl cyclase activation
    3.decreased in cAMP activation
  3. decreased biological effect

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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