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Clin Path > Parasites2 > Flashcards

Parasites2 Flashcards

1
Q

Toxocara canis

A

• “Roundworm” “Ascarid”
• Adult parasites are ~ 10-18 cm
• Eggs are round w/ a thick, pitted shell
-Fecal oral contact transfer.
-Prefers GI system.
-Can migrate to lungs, liver, fetus, or be transmitted by milk

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2
Q

Importance of Toxocara canis

A

-high percentage of pups infected, death in pups 2-3 wks old (lung damage), vomiting, diarrhea, visceral larva migrans-

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3
Q

Diagnosis and Control of Toxocara canis

A
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces, worms in vomitus

* Control- Treat infected dogs, remove feces

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4
Q

Life cycle of Toxocara canis

A
  • visceral migration occurs in pups < 3 mo.

- Old, tissue dormancy occurs in older dogs and mobilization to uterus is seen in the last trimester of pregnancy

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5
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans

A 
•	Damage to the body’s internal organs caused by a migrating roundworm larva
•	Causative parasites:
o	Toxocara canis
o	Toxocara cati
o	Baylisascaris procyonis
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6
Q

Syndrome of Visceral Larva Migrans

A

o Human– asymptomatic or mild signs
 fever, cough, skin rash, abdominal pain, CNS abnormalities, ocular dz.
o Animal– malnourishment, vomiting, diarrhea

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7
Q

Incubation and Mortality of Visceral Larva Migrans

A
  • Incubation period is weeks to months

* Mortality: Low

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8
Q

Occurrence and Transmission of Visceral Larva Migrans

A
  • Occurrence - More of a problem in warm, moist climates

* Transmission- Ingestion of infective worm eggs

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9
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment of Visceral Larva Migrans

A
  • Diagnosis- CBC, serology, ELISA test

* Treatment- Antiparasitics

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10
Q

Control and prevention of Visceral Larva Migrans

A

o Personal hygiene
o Regular deworming of dogs and cats
o Prevent contamination of soil w/ dog, cat feces
o Keep children from eating dirt or putting dirty objects in their mouth

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11
Q

Trichuris vulpis

A

• “Whipworm”
• Adult parasites are 4.5-7.5 cm long, thin anterior and thick posterior
• Eggs are barrel-shaped w/ transparent plugs ate each end
Worms are large on one end and taper down
• Adults live in LI (colon, cecum). Adults hide in cecum and only sporadically shed eggs
Very hard to diagnose and treat.

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12
Q

Diagnosis and Control of Trichuris vulpis

A
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces, don’t typically see adults

* Control- Treat infected dogs, remove feces. Fecal-oral contamination.

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13
Q

Taenia pisiformis

A 
•	“Tapeworm”
•	Adult tapeworm is up to 200 cm long
•	Eggs passed w/in proglottids in the feces-NO cluster, no packet. YES hooklets- Small
Intermediate host is rodent or rabbit
Individual eggs
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14
Q

Importance and Diagnosis and Control of Taenia pisiformis

A
  • Importance- diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, damage to intermediate host
  • Diagnosis- Proglottids in feces/ perianal area
  • Control- Prevent access to intermediate host, treat infected dogs
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15
Q

Hydatid Disease

A
  • Disease caused by ingestion of tapeworm eggs

* Causative organism: Echinococcusgranulosus

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16
Q

Syndrome of Hydatid Disease

A

o Human– asymptomatic
o – presents like a slow growing tumor in an internal organ
o Animal– subclinical

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17
Q

Incubation and Mortality of Hydatid Disease

A
  • Incubation period is months to years

* Mortality: 50-75%

18
Q

Occurrence of Hydatid Disease

A

o Rural areas of northern hemisphere

o Sheep-raising areas of the SW U.S.

19
Q

Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease

A

o Fecal flotation

o Recovery of tapeworm after administration of taeniafuge

20
Q

Treatment of Hydatid Disease

A

Antiparasitics, surgical resection of cyst

21
Q

Control and prevention of Hydatid Disease

A

o Regular deworming of dogs for tapeworms
o Prevent dogs from eating viscera of intermediate hosts
o Wash food potentially contaminated w/ dog feces
o Practice good personal hygiene

22
Q

Taeniasis

A

• Tapeworm infection acquired from eating infected beef or pork
• Causative organisms:
o Taeniasaginata
o Taeniasolium

23
Q

Syndrome of Taeniasis

A

Human– usually asymptomatic
o perianal irritation common
o – weight loss, abdominal pain, GI disturbances
o Cysticercosis- formation of cysts outside of the GI system
Animal– subclinical

24
Q

Incubation and Mortality of Taeniasis

A
  • Incubation period is 8 to 14 weeks

* Mortality: usually none, cysticercosis possibly fatal w/o treatment

25
Q

Occurrence of Taeniasis

A

o Places where beef or pork is eaten raw or undercooked

o Places where pigs and cattle are permitted access to human feces

26
Q

Transmission of Taeniasis

A

o Ingestion of cysticerci in raw or undercooked beef or pork

o Ingestion of Taeniasolium leading to cysticercosis in humans

27
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment of Taeniasis

A
  • Diagnosis- Proglottids in stool, fecal flotation, serology

* Treatment- Antiparasitics, surgical resection of cysticerci

28
Q

Control and prevention of Taeniasis

A

o Prevent contamination of swine/cattle feed w/ human feces
o Cook meat well or freeze it (for at least 4 days) before eating
o Personal hygiene
o Don’t fertilize gardens w/ human waste

29
Q

Diphyllobothriasis

A
  • Tapeworm infection acquired by eating infected raw fish
  • Causative organism: Diphyllobothrium spp.
  • Incubation period is 3 to 6 weeks
30
Q

Syndrome of Diphyllobothriasis

A

o Human– asymptomatic
 – diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, nausea, wt. loss, craving for salt, anemia, intestinal obstruction
o Animal– subclinical

31
Q

Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment of Diphyllobothriasis

A
  • Transmission -Human consumption of infected raw or undercooked fish
  • Diagnosis- Proglottids in stool, fecal flotation, CBC
  • Treatment- Antiparasitics
32
Q

Control and prevention of Diphyllobothriasis

A

o Cook fish well or freeze it before eating

o Prevent fecal contamination of water

33
Q

Nanophyetussalmincola

A

“Salmon Poisoning Fluke”
• Adults are leaf-shaped organisms 0.5-1.5 mm
• Eggs are operculated, gold-colored
Neorickettsiahelmintheca

34
Q

Importanc, Diagnosis, Control of Nanophyetussalmincola

A
  • Importance- Vector for salmon poisoning disease bacteria
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces, history, clinical signs
  • Control- Prevent eating of wild fish, treat infected dogs
35
Q

Fasciola hepatica

A

Fasciola hepatica
• “Liver Fluke”
• Adult is leaf-shaped 3-4 cm
• Eggs are operculated, yellow-green

36
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Fasciola hepatica

A
  • Importance- weight loss, liver disease, liver condemnation
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces, antigen test
  • Control- Fence-off snail infested bodies of water, treat infected animal
37
Q

Isospora sp

A
  • “Coccidia”

* Only oocyst observedà clear outer ring surrounding greyish center

38
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Isospora sp

A
  • Importance- diarrhea in puppies
  • Diagnosis- Oocysts in feces
  • Control- Treat infected animals, remove feces
39
Q

Eimeria spp.

A
  • “Coccidia”

* Only oocyst observedà clear outer ring surrounding a greyish center

40
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Eimeria spp.

A
  • Importance- Diarrhea
  • Diagnosis- Oocysts in feces
  • Control- Treat infected animals
41
Q

Cysticercosis

A

formation of cysts outside of the GI system

42
Q

Hydatid

A

fluid filled cyst

Clin Path (12 decks)

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