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Clin Path > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Parasites

A
  • Gains protections an d nutrition from the host at the expense of the host
  • Live inside the body of an animal
  • Differ in size
  • Differ in location w/in the body
  • Differ in the species of animal they affect
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2
Q

Definitive host

A

animal harboring sexually mature parasite

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3
Q

Intermediate host

A

animal used by the immature stages of the parasite to continue developmen

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4
Q

Paratenic host

A

animal serving as a transport host for immature stages of the parasite, no development occurs

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5
Q

Prepatent period

A

time elapsed between infection with parasite and when it reaches reproductive maturity

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6
Q

Ways internal parasites cause damage to the host animal

A

o Malnutrition- compete w/ host for ingested food
o Mechanical- destroy tissue, cause obstructions
o Blood loss- anemia

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7
Q

Ways in which animals acquire internal parasites

A
  • Environment- directly eating larvae (poop)
  • Eating intermediate host (flee)
  • Parasite actively penetrates through the principle host and migrates
  • Intermediate host is a vector and transmits parasite (mosquito)
  • Eating the paratenic host (possum)
  • Maternal transmission- transplacental or through milk
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8
Q

Appearance of parasitized animal

A

• Mild- inapparent
• Severe- underweight, dull hair coat, lethargy
• Other clinical signs:
diarrhea, vomiting, blood in the stool

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9
Q

Diagnosis of parasitism

A
  • Detection of immature parasites (i.e. larva) or parasite eggs in the animal’s feces, blood, or urine
  • Presence of adult parasites in feces or vomit
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10
Q

Administration of anthelmintics

A

o affect the parasites CNS leading to death or paralysis

o some cause digestion of the parasite

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11
Q

Effect of host and environment on parasitism

A
  • Older animals more resistant to parasitic infection- in younger animals
  • Parasites reproduce better in warm, moist conditions
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12
Q

Control and prevention of parasitism

A
  • Daily removal of feces from housing areas
  • Prevent ingestion of intermediate or paratenic hosts
  • Perform routine laboratory tests to screen for parasite infections
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13
Q

Internal Parasites- list

A
  • Nematodes (Roundworms)
  • Cestodes (Tapeworms)
  • Trematodes (Fluke worms)
  • Protozoa
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14
Q

Nematodes

A
  • Most important group
  • Found in many different organs w/in the body
  • Adults can be seen w/ the unaided eyeà elongated, cylindrical
  • There are male and female adult worms
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15
Q

Encyst

A

when nematode larva goes dormant. When realize not the definitive host.

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16
Q

Cestodes

A
  • Adult parasites live in the intestine
  • All have intermediate hosts
  • Long flat worms divided into segments-> scolex, proglottids
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17
Q

Trematodes

A
  • Usually found in the intestine, liver, lung
  • Use the snail as an intermediate host
  • Flat worms with leaf-shaped body
18
Q

Protozoa

A
  • Unicellular organisms
  • Found in different organs w/in the body
  • Only visible with a microscope
19
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A
  • “Hookworm”
  • • Eggs are oval w/ thin shells and multiple cell clusters
  • Importance->Anemia, diarrhea, malabsorption, cutaneous larva migrans
  • Diagnosis->Eggs in fecal flotation
  • Control-> Treat infected dogs, remove feces
20
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

creaping eruptions
• Skin inflammation caused by a migrating roundworm larva
• Syndrome Human-> itchy, reddish, raised skin lesion that follows a serpentine pattern
Animal-> anemia, diarrhea, malabsorption in puppies
• Incubation period is 2-3 days
• Mortality: none
• Occurrence- Areas w/ warm moist climate and sandy soil
• Transmission- Skin contact w/ infective larva in soil contaminated w/ dog and cat feces
• Diagnosis - Syndrome, history of exposure
• Treatment- Antiparasitics, antipruritics, antibiotics

21
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans Causative parasites can include:

A

Causative parasites can include:
o Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp.
o Strongyloides stercolaris

22
Q

Control and prevention Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

o Regular deworming of dogs and cats
o Prohibition of dogs and cats on playgrounds and beaches
o Wear protective clothing when in contact with potentially contaminated soil

23
Q

Diagnosis of heartworm

A

Microfilaria in blood
blood smear, microhematocrit tube, Knott’s test, filter test
antigen test, antibody test

24
Q

Control of heartworm

A

Preventative drug treatment

treat infected dogs

25
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

“Heartworm”
Adult parasites 15-30 cm
No eggs, microscopic microfilaria produced

26
Q

Importance of heartworm

A

Adults obstruction of heart valves and blood vessels

27
Q

Strongylus vulgaris

A
  • “Large Strongyles”
  • Adults are 1.5-2.5 cm
  • Eggs are oval w/ thin shell and a multiple- cell cluster in the center à typical strongyle-type egg
28
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Strongylus vulgaris

A
  • Importance- Unthriftiness (look unkept), anemia, colic
  • Diagnosis- Eggs and larva in feces- mostly seen as large
  • Control-Feed horse off the ground, treat infected horses
29
Q

Oxyuris equi

A
  • “Pinworm”
  • Adults are 1-1.5 cm long
  • Eggs are oval w/ a transparent plug at one pole
30
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Oxyuris equi

A
  • Importance- perianal irritation
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces/ perianal area
  • Control- Treat infected horses
31
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi

A
  • “Stomach Worm”
  • Adults are 5-10 mm long
  • Eggs are oval w/ thin shell and multiple-cell cluster in the centerà typical trichostrongyle-type egg
32
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Ostertagia ostertagi

A
  • Importance- weight loss, diarrhea
  • Diagnosis- Eggs in feces
  • Control- Pasture rotation, treat infected animals
33
Q

Trichinosis

A
  • Parasitic disease acquired by eating inadequately cooked infected meat
  • Causative organism-Trichinella spiralis (other Trichinella spp.)
  • Incubation period is 5 to 15 days
34
Q

Syndrome of trichinosis

A

o Human– asymptomatic
– mild fever, muscle pain, swollen eyelids
– diarrhea, ocular pain and hemorrhage, CNS and cardiac abnormalities
o Animal– subclinical

35
Q

Transmission of Trichinosis

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing the infective larvae

36
Q

Diagnosis of Trichinosis

A

Syndrome, serology, muscle biopsy- can infiltrate into the muscles

37
Q

Treatment of Trichinosis

A

Antiparasitics, antiinflammatories

38
Q

Control and prevention of Trichinosis

A

o Cook meat well or freeze it (for at least 20 days) before eating
o Cook garbage fed to swine
o Control rodents in swine rearing operations

39
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A
  • “Tapeworm”
  • Adults are a light-reddish to yellow color and 50 cm long, proglottids resemble rice grains/cucumber seeds
  • Egg packets found w/in proglottis passed in feces
40
Q

Importance, Diagnosis, Control of Dipylidium caninum

A
  • Importance-Malnutrition, perianal irritation
  • Diagnosis- Proglottids around anus/ in feces
  • Control- Eliminate intermediate host, treat infected animals

Clin Path (12 decks)

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