Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro EXAM > Parasites Report > Flashcards

Parasites Report Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host.

A

PARASITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microscopic, once celled organisms that can be free living or parasitic in nature.

A

Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

They are able to multiply in humans, which contributes to their survivals and also permits serious infections to develop from just a single organism.

A

Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Derived from the Greek word from worms that are human parasites.

A

Helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Large multicellular organisms that are generally visible to the naked eye in their adult stages.

A

Helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood sucking arthropods such as mosquitoes (because they are dependent on a blood meal from a human host for their survival.

A

Ectoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some organisms such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites attach or burrow into the skin and remain there for relatively long periods of time.

A

Ectoparaties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Certain species of parasites can even sexually reproduce with other species via process called _______.

A

Hybridization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can infect a wider range of hosts, as a result of a bovine- infecting species mating with a human infecting species.

A

Schistosome Flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is caused by Pneumocystis Jiroveci (previously known as pneumocystis carinii) a ubiquitous pathogen, which particularly affects immunocompromised subjects.

A

Pneumocystis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pneumocystis exists in two forms:

A

Trophozoites and Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The parasite preferentially affects infants, especially premature babies where it causes polypnoea and a cough with cyanosis and can even lead to respiratory distress.

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Affects adults, particularly those suffering from AIDS and causes respiratory distress. and fever.

A

Pneumocystis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumocystis

A 
Fever
Dry cough or wheezing
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chest pain or tightness when you breath
Chills
Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Xray show opaque areas on the lungs thats extend up to but not including the apices of the lungs.

A

Frostedglass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis

A 
Thoprine Trimethylsulfameoxazole (Bactrim)
Pentamidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Used in HIV patients with less than 200 CD4/mm3, through 1 tablet a day of Bactrim.

A

Prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cause of hydatid cysts in dogs, sheep and humans.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is present in countries breeding livestock (including South America, Australia, New Zealand, North Africa and in France- in Landes and Corsica)

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dog faeces in the grass are ingested by sheep, which in turn die and are consumed by dogs.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humans are contaminated when they eat raw vegetables from gardens contaminated with dog faeces.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The parasites develops in humans in the form of larvae in the liver and possibly the lungs as well as other organs creating and abdominal mass, which is for a long time asymptomatic.

A

Echinococcus Granulosus or Taenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Then is then followed by discomfort in the chest and a cough and sometimes haemoptysis.

A

Echinococcus Granulosus or Taenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Asymptomatic and patients may remain asymptomatic for years, during which time lung lesions may be discovered incidentally on chest X-ray.

A

Primary Infection (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

May cause symptoms by compression of adjacent structures, and lung cysts may present with chest pain cough haemoptysis or pneumothorax.

A

Cysts (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

May also occur if antigenic material is released from the cyst, causing a hypersensitivity reaction with fever, wheeze, and urticarial and rarely anaphylaxis.

A

Symptoms (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)

27
Q

May become secondarily infected causing empyema or lung abscess formation.

A

Cysts (Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts)

28
Q

The lower lobes, posterior lung segments and the right lung are affected most frequently.

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts

29
Q

Chest may reveal further diagnostic features including collapse of the laminated membrane from the surrounding host tissue, the presence of daughter cysts and the presence of cyst rupture.

A

CT scan of the chest

30
Q

May develop following the rupture of a pulmonary cyst into the pleural space.

A

Pleural effusion or hydro pneumothorax

31
Q

May be found in no more than 50% cases. A substantial rise in eosinophil count is often associated with a leakage of antigenic material from cyst.

A

Peripheral blood eosinophil

32
Q

Support the initial diagnosis are available at reference laboratories but are less sensitive for the diagnosis of lung disease than for hepatic disease.

A

Serological Test

33
Q

May be used to monitor the immunoligical response to treatment.

A

Serological Test

34
Q

Treatment for Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts. Treatment is surgical. Must be prescribed over a period of a few years, treatment stops whenthe serology test result is negative.

A

ZENTEL

35
Q

Caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides, the round worm.

A

Ascariasis

36
Q

It is common worldwide in areas with poor sanitation where there is faecal contamination of soil or food.

A

Ascariasis

37
Q

Pinkish white parasite of 10 - 20cm long, and is an intestinal nematode that can enter into the lungs.

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

38
Q

Human can be infested by eating raw vegetables contaminated with _______ _____: these can pass into the stomach then the larvae pass on the liver.

A

Ascaris eggs

39
Q

Caused by larval migration into the alveoli which triggers an allergic response leading to the respiratory symptoms including cough, wheeze, dyspnea, chest pain, fever and haemoptyis.

A

Loeffler’s Syndrome

40
Q

Has been associated with ascariasis of the lung.

A

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

41
Q

Treatment of Ascariasis

A

Flubendazole or Albendazole

42
Q

Diagnosis relies on identifying ___________ in the full blood count.

A

Hypereosinophilia

43
Q

Parasitology investigations showing Ascaris eggs

A

Stool Samples

44
Q

Usually caused by the dog roundworm

A

Human toxocariasis

45
Q

Commonly infects juvenile dogs and has worldwide distributions.

A

Toxocara Canis

46
Q

Usual host : DOGS

A

Toxocara Canis

47
Q

Usual host: Cats

A

Toxocara Cati

48
Q

Can accidentally be ingested by humans when eating raw vegetables contaminated with feces, contaminated sand or when kissing dogs and cats.

A

Toxocariasis

49
Q

This infection is responsible for _____________ accomapanied by hepato splenomegaly, fever and possily pulmonary disease if the parasite enters the lungs.

A

Visceral Larva Migrans

50
Q

Features may include transient localised changes or widespreas patchy areas of considalitaion.

A

Radiological

51
Q

Diagnosis for Toxocariasis

A

Serology Testing

Hyper eosinophilia

52
Q

Treatment for Toxocariasis

A

Ivermectin

53
Q

Visceral Larva Migrans

A

Albendazole

54
Q

Caused by Amoeba Histolytica

A

Amoebiasis

55
Q

A protozoan found worlwide.

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

56
Q

Causative agent of invasive amoebiasis but is morphologically indistinguishable from a related but non- pathogenic sepcies, E dispar.

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

57
Q

Endemic in regions with poor sanitation and poor socioeconomic conditions.

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

58
Q

The parasite can reach the liver or the lungs, nevertheless the intestinal form may have been crude.

A

Intestinal Amoebiasis

59
Q

Most common symptoms of Amoebiasis

A

Pain
Cough
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea

60
Q

Cough can be non- productive but more often is associated with expectoration of material ranging from small amounts of sputum to large amounts of ____________.

A

Amoebic Pus

61
Q

Develops the patients may expectorate necrotic material that can include liver abscess contents, such material may have a reddish brown or “anchovy sauce” appearance.

A

Hepatobronchial Fistula

62
Q

Always highly positive (not necessarily in the intestinal form).

A

Serology Testing

63
Q

Treatment for Amoebiasis

A

Tinidazole (3-5 days)

Metronidazole ( 1-10 days)

Micro EXAM (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions