FUNGI

Question 1

Can be single celled or very complex multicellular organism.

Answer 1

Fungi

Question 2

They are found in just about any habitat but most live on the land, mainly in soil o on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water.

Answer 2

Fungi

Question 3

Grow in the soil or on dead plant matter where they play an important role in the cycling of carbon and other elements.

Answer 3

Decomposer

Question 4

Subdivided on the basis of their life cycles, the presence or structure of their fruiting body and the arrangement of and type of spores they produce.

Answer 4

Fungi

Question 5

Reproductive or distributional cells

Answer 5

Spores

Question 6

Form large fruiting bodies. Sometimes the group is referred to as mushroom but the mushroom is just the part of the fungus we see above ground which is also known as the fruiting body.

Answer 6

Macroscopic Filamentous Fungi

Question 7

Made up of very fine threads.

Answer 7

Moulds

Question 8

Grow at the tip and divide repeatedly along their length creating long and branching chains.

Answer 8

Hyphae

Question 9

Secreted from the hyphal tip. These enzymes break down the organic matter found in the soil into smaller molecules which are used by the fungus as food.

Answer 9

Digestive enzymes

Question 10

Also grow by producing a mycelium below ground.

Answer 10

Macroscopic filamentous fungi

Question 11

They differ from moulds because they produce visible fruiting bodies (commonly known as mushrooms or toadstools) that hold the spores.

Answer 11

Macroscopic filamentous fungi

Question 12

Small, lemon-shaped single cells that are about the same size as red blood cells.

Answer 12

Yeasts

Question 13

Play an important role in the production of bread and in brewing.

Answer 13

Saccharomyces

Question 14

Opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in individuals who do not have a healthy immune system.

Answer 14

Candida

Question 15

Over a billion people suffer from a superficial fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot and thrush worldwide, while life threatening fungal infections cause an estimated 1.5 millions deaths worldwide each year.

Answer 15

Human Fungal Diseases

Question 16

An infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma.

Answer 16

Histoplasmosis

Question 17

The fungus lives in the environment, particularly in soil that contains large amounts of birds and bat droppings.

Answer 17

Histoplasmosis

Question 18

In the saprobic state grows in the mycelial form.

Answer 18

Histoplasmosis Capsulatum

Question 19

Produced on the hyphae of mycelium and are converted to the yeast form under temperature controlled regulation.

Answer 19

Macroconidia and Mircoconidia

Question 20

Laboratories may also see if Histoplama will grow from body fluids or tissues.

Answer 20

Culture

Question 21

The treatment of choice for severe histoplasmosis.

Answer 21

Amphotericin B

Question 22

Given for mild to moderate histoplasmosis.

Answer 22

Itraconazole

Question 23

An infection caused by the fungus Coccidiodes.

Answer 23

Valley fever

Question 24

Usually refers Coccidioides infection in the lungs, but the infection can spread to other parts of the body in severe cases.

Answer 24

Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

Question 25

Acquired by inhaling spores.

Answer 25

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 26

Present in soil, and can become airborne in dust that can travel downwind.

Answer 26

Spores

Question 27

Spores convert to large tissue-invasive spherules as spherules enlarge and then rupture, each releases thousands of small endospores, which may form new spherules.

Answer 27

C. immitis

Question 28

Typically given to people who are higher risk for developing sever Valley fever.

Answer 28

Antifungal medication

Question 29

The treatment is usually 3 to 6 months. There are no over the counter medications to treat Valley fever

Answer 29

Fluconazole

Question 30

Rare fungal infection usually acquired by breathing in the spores of the fungi Blastomyces dermatitidis or Blastomyces Gilchristii.

Answer 30

Blastomycosis

Question 31

These fungi can be found in moist soils, particularly in wooded areas and along waterways.

Answer 31

Blastomycosis

Question 32

Pulmonary disease caused by inhaling spores of the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Answer 32

Blastomycosis

Question 33

A type of antifungal medication that is typically used to treat mild to moderate blastomycosis.

Answer 33

Itraconazole

Question 34

Usually recommended for severe blastomycosis in the lungs or infections that have spread to other parts of the body.

Answer 34

Amphotericin B

Question 35

An infection caused by a type of mold.

Answer 35

Aspergillosis

Question 36

Similar to asthma symptoms.

Answer 36

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Question 37

Usually occurs in people who are already sick from other medical conditions so it can be difficult to know which symptoms are related to as Aspergillus infection.

Answer 37

Invasive aspergillosis

Question 38

A serious infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis Jirovecii.

Answer 38

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Question 39

Most people who get PCP have a medical condition that weakness their immune system, like HIV/AIDS or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness.

Answer 39

Corticosteroids

Question 40

A type of infection of the lungs in people with a weak immune system.

Answer 40

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Question 41

Pneumocystis Pneumonia caused by a yeast like fungus.

Answer 41

Pneumocystis Jirovecii

Question 42

A blood test to detect _____________ can also help diagnose PCP.

Answer 42

B-D- glucan

Question 43

A part of the cell wall of may different types of fungi.

Answer 43

B-D glucan

Question 44

Most common form of treatment which is also known as co-trimoxazole and different brand names, including Bactrim, Septra and Cotrim.

Answer 44

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Question 45

This medicine is given by mouth or through a vein for 3 weeks. Can cause side effects such as rash and fever.

Answer 45

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole