Parasites Flashcards
Define protozoa. What do they largely infect?
Unicellular, eukaryotic microorganism that lack a cell wall and largely infect blood cells, intestinal, urogenital tissue and meninges.
Has cell membrane, numerous organelles, membrane bound nucleus, ER, food storage granules, and contractile and digestive vacuoles.
Define metazoa. What is another name for helminths?
Multicellular worms that often infect the intestines, brain, liver and other tissues.
List families of protozoa (4)
Amoebas
Sporozoans
Flagellates
Cilliates
What are the alternative names for these organisms?
Amoebas
Sporozoans
Flagellates
Cilliates
Amoebas- Sarcodina
Sporozoans- Sporozoa
Flagellates- Mastigophora
Cilliates- Ciliata
Name the families of metazoa. (2)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- trematoda (flukes)
- cestoda (tapeworms)
Nemathelminthes (roundworms)
Entamoeba histolytica
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: Amebiasis
Symptoms: Dysentary and liver abscess
Transmission: Fecal oral
Morphology:
Motile: trophozoite (intestinal)
Nonmotile: cyst (contaminated food/water)
Treatment: metronidazole
giardia lamblia
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: giardiasis
Symptoms: diarrhea and flatulence
Transmission: fecal oral via water (found in both drinking and recreational)
Morphology:
Motile: trophozoite (intestinal)
Nonmotile: cyst (contaminated water/food)
Treatment: metronidazole
Cryptosporum parvum
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: cryptospoidiosis
Symptoms: diarrhea
Transmission: fecal oral
Morphology: associated with AIDS
Treatment: preventative
Plasmodium spp
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: Malaria
Symptoms: Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Transmission: Female mosquitos, infected blood products
Morphology: Sporozoite, Merozoite (liver), Hypnozoite (latent)
Causes lysis of erythrocytes
Treatment: chloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine
Toxiplasma gondii
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: Toxoplasmosis
Symptoms: CNS infection, encephalitis, seizures, assoc with AIDS
Transmission: fecal oral route of cat feces (only reproduce in the cell lining of intestine of cats)
Morphology:
Motile trophozoite (intestinal)
Nonmotile cyst (uncooked meat and cat feces)
Treatment: sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Disease
Symptoms
Transmission
Morphology
Treatment
Disease: pneumonia
Symptoms: N/A Transmission: Inhalation
Morphology: Fungus
assoc with immunosupression (AIDS)
Found in oral cavity but not pathologic
Treatment: trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine
Taenia solium
Disease
Transmission
Characteristics
Treatment
Disease: Taeniasis (tapeworm)
Transmission: Ingestion of undercooked pork
Characteristics: Cysticercosis (muscle cysts) and neurocystercosis (brain cysts)
Treatment: Praziquantel and albemdazole
Taenia saginata
Disease
Transmission
Characteristics
Treatment
Disease: taeniasis (tapeworm)
Transmission: ingestion of undercooked beef
Characteristics: does not cysticercosis
Treatment: praziquantel
Enterobius vermicularis
Disease
Transmission
Characteristics
Treatment
Disease: enterobiasis (pinworm)
Transmission: ingestion of worm eggs
Characteristics: most common worm in the US, assoc with perianal pruritis
Treatment: mebendazole
Trichinella spiralis
Disease
Transmission
Characteristics
Treatment
Disease: trichinosis (roundworm)
Transmission: ingestions of undercooked meat (pork, wild game)
Characteristics: larvae only grow in striated muscle assoc with muscle, pain, periorbial edema, fever
Treatment: mebendazole
