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NBDE 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotic do you give for standard prophylaxis?

A

amoxicillin

2 g PO 1 hour before procedure

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2
Q

What antibiotic do you give for prophylaxis if the patient is unable to take it orally?

A

ampicillin

2g IV or IM 30 min prior to procdure

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3
Q

What antiobiotic do you give for prophylxis if patient has a penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin 600 mg PO 1hr before procedure

Azythromycin or clarithromycin 500 mg PO 1 hr before prodecure

Cephalexin or cedoxil 2 g PO 1hr before procedure

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4
Q

What antiobiotic do you give for prophylxis if patient has a penicillin allergy and unable to take PO medications?

A

Clindamycin 600mg IV or IM within 30 min before procedure

Cefazolin 1 g IM or IV within 30 min before procedure

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5
Q

True or False

Prophylaxis is recommended for ALL dental procedures that involves manipulation of gingival tissues or periapical regions of the teth or perforation of the oral mucosa.

A

True

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6
Q

Name the two medical conditions in which you much provide prophylaxis prior to procedure?

A
  1. heart conditions that may predispose them for infective endocarditis
  2. Total joint replacement that may be at risk for infection at the site of prosthesis
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7
Q

Name the antibiotic/(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine during cell wall synthesis

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: Cidal

Spectrum: Narrow

Pregnancy safe? Yes

A

Vancomycin

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8
Q

Name the antibiotic/(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking by blocking transpeptidase during late stage of cell wall synthesis

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: cidal

Spectrum: narrow to broader

Pregnancy safe? Yes

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporin

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9
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibitis DNA synthesis

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: cidal

Spectrum: narrow

Pregnancy safe? No

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibitis DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: cidal

Spectrum: broad

Pregnancy safe? No

A

Fluoroquinolones

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11
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibits protein synthesis by binding 30 S ribosomal subunits (blocks the formation of initiation complex)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: cidal

Spectrum: Broader

Pregnancy safe? No

A

aminoglycosides

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12
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibit protein synthesis by binding 50s ribosomal subunits (block release of tRNA)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: static

Spectrum: narrow

Pregnancy safe? yes

A

Macrolides

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13
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunits (blocks release of tRNA)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: static

Spectrum: narrow

Pregnancy safe? Yes

A

Clindamycin

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14
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunits (blocks peptidyl transfersase)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: static

Spectrum: broad

Pregnancy safe? no

A

Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosomal subunits (block aminoacyl-tRNA binding)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: static

Spectrum: broad

Pregnancy safe? no

A

tetracycline

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16
Q

Name the antibiotic(s)

Mechanism of action: Inhibits folic acid synthesis by competing with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal: static

Spectrum: broad

Pregnancy safe? no

A

sulfonamide

17
Q

List the antibiotics that are bacteriocidal

A

vancomycin

penicillins

cephalosporins

metronidalzole

fluoroquinolones

Aminoglycosides

18
Q

what is the pneumonic to remember what ribsomal enzyme the bacteria uses?

A

Buy AT 30, CCELL at 50

30s: Aminoglycocides

Tetracyclines

50s: Clindamycin

Chloramphenicol

Erythromycin

Lincomycin

Linezolid

19
Q

What are the two antifungals used as swish and swallow to treat oral candida infections?

A

nyastatin and clotrimazole

20
Q

List Penicillins (4)

A

PenVk

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin/clauvanate (augmentin)

Ampicillin

21
Q

List cephalosporins (2)

A

Cephalexin

Ceflacor

22
Q

List macrolides (3)

A

Azythromucin (Z-pak)

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin

23
Q

List tetracyclines (3)

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

Minocycline

24
Q

List aminoglycosides

A

streptomycin

gentamycin

25
Q

What are important side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

26
Q

What are important side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A

nausea, headache

27
Q

What are important side effects of bacitracin?

A

nephrotoxicity

28
Q

What are important side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

blood disorders

29
Q

What are important side effects of clindamycin?

A

pseudomembranous colitis

30
Q

A patient allergic to penicillin is most likely to have a cross-allergy with?

A

Cephalosporin

Cephalosporin are penicillin like because both are bacteriocidal and interfere with cell wall synthesis

31
Q

What is the function of penicillinase?

A

It degrades the beta-lactam ring structureof penicillin

32
Q

List antibiotics that are penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

A

Methicillin

Dicloxacillin

Nafcillin

Augmentin (amox +clauv)

Unasyn (ampicillin + sublactam)

Zosyn (pipercillin/tazobactam)

Timentin (ticarcillin/clauvanate)

33
Q

Why is MRSA and VRA life threatening infections? What antibiotics typically kill MRSA/VRSA?

A

Because they are resistant to penicillinase resistant penicillins and most cephalosporins.

Tx: 5th generation cephalosporin (ceftaroline fosamil)

34
Q

Penicillins are typically great against what kind of bacteria?

A

Gram (+) bacteria

Able to inhibit terminal step in peptidoglycan synthesis

35
Q

List three things doxycycline treats

A

rickettsia

chlamydia

mycoplasma

36
Q

list three things minocycline treats

A

acne

anthrax

meningococcal prophylaxis

37
Q

List some things that tetracycline treats

  • penicillin allergy (3)
  • excacerbations (4)
A

if patient is allergic to penicillin: acne, gonorrhea, syphilis

Excacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia infections

NBDE 1 (9 decks)

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