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NBDE 1 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Pathogenic members of the keratinophilic (keratin digesting) soil fungi.

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2
Q

What are the two fungi that are pathogens to both animals and humans? What is the one that is only human pathogen?

A

microsporum and trichophyton; epidermophyton

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3
Q

Fungi infection occurs by contact with what?

A

arthrospores or conida

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4
Q

What are arthrospores?

A

asexual spores formed in the hyphae of the parasitic stage

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5
Q

what is conida?

A

sexual or asexual spores formed in the free living environmental stage

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6
Q

Dermatophytoses infection in humans is referred to as?

A

tinea infections

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7
Q

Tinea capitis

A

dermatophyte infection of the hair and scalp most common in children

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8
Q

tinea corporis (also known as?)

A

ring worm occurs on trunk, extremities and face

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9
Q

tinea barbae

A

infections of the hairs and skin in the bear and mustache area usually seen in men

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10
Q

tinea faciei

A

seen on the nonbearded parts of the face

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11
Q

tinea cruris (commonly called?)

A

infection of the groin jock itch

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12
Q

tinea pedis (commonly called)

A

athletes foot infection of the foot

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13
Q

inea manuum

A

infection of one or occasionally both hands

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14
Q

tinea unguium

A

infection of the nail

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15
Q

What is the most effective antimycotic (antifungal) agent?

A

griseofulvin

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16
Q

What is fungi? (4)

A

Eukaryotic Complex cell wall Gram (+) Contain both DNA and RNA

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17
Q

What are the two types of fungi?

A

Yeasts and mold

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18
Q

What is yeast?

A

grow as single cells that reproduce by asexual budding

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19
Q

what is mold?

A

long filaments (hyphae) which form a mat like structure that is referred to as mycelium

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20
Q

what is dimorphism?

A

a characteristic of some fungi, form different structures at different temperatures. Example, they exist as molds in saprophytic, free living state at ambient temperatures. Yeasts exists in host tissues at body temperature.

21
Q

What are the major dimorphic fungi? (4)

A

Blastomyces, histoplasma, coccidiodes, sporothrix schenckii

22
Q

Most fungi reproduce asexually by forming?

A

Conida

23
Q

what are examples of asexual spores (conida)? (4)

A

athrospores, chlamydospores, blastospores, sporangiospores

24
Q

what are examples of sexual spores?

A

zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores

25
Q

What are the cell walls of most fungi contain? What lipids make the cell membrane?

A

Beta 1:3 glucan; ergosterol

26
Q

At what temperature are most fungal spores completely killed?

A

80 degrees Celsium for 30 minutes

27
Q

The form of the fungus producing sexual spores is termed?

A

teleomorph

28
Q

The form of the fungus producing asexual spores is termed?

A

anamorph

29
Q

what are three major dimporphic and endemic agents? What are other characteristics of these types? (2)

A

Coccidioidomycosis Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis 1. thermal dimorphism (exist as yeast at 37C, mold at 25C) 2. confined to geographic location Cause lung diseases

30
Q

What causes Coccidiodes immitus? Tx?

A

“San Joaquin fever” or Cocciodioidomycosis an infectious disease caused by inhaling arthrospores of fungus the disease starts out as a respiratory illness and pay progress to a persistent infection. Found in southwest US and Latin America. Antifungal meds: amphoteracin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole

31
Q

Blastomycosis caused by? Where is it found? how is it spread? Tx

A

disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis spread by inhalation of airborne candida (microconidia) after disturbance of contaminated soil. Produces granulomatous nodules in lings and respiratory infection. Found in eastern US and central america

Tx: itraconazole and amphotericin B

32
Q

Histoplasmosis caused by? Where is it found? Symptoms of disease? Tx?

A

Disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum Found throughout the world and is endemic in Missippi and Ohio river valleys. Infection spread by inhalation of microconidia.Found in soil contaminated by bird and bat droppings. Is asymptomatic but may cause granulomatous, tuberculosis like infection. Antifungal meds: amphoteracin B, fluconazole and itraconazole

33
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum produces what?

A

chlamydospores

34
Q

What does histoplasmosis resemble?

A

TB infection clinically and pathologically

35
Q

Infected tissues of Histoplasma capsulatum can be found where?

A

Yeast cells within macrophages

36
Q

Which 2 fungi are rarely acquired from another individual?

A

Histoplasmosis ad blastomycosis

37
Q

What is the phenotypic morphology of yeast?

A

Facultative anaerobes singles cells in culture: single, creamy, mucoid

38
Q

What is the phenotypic morphology of mold?

A

Obligate anaerobes Multicellular, filamentous (hypahe or mycelium) In culture: fuzzy, velvety

39
Q

Aspergillus sp have what kind of hyphae?

A

Septate hypha

40
Q

Zygomycete sp have what kind of hypae?

A

Non-septate hypa

41
Q

what is the major structural polymer in fungal cell walls?

A

chitin

42
Q

List opportunistic fungi (3)

A

Rhizopus spp Candida spp Aspergillus spp

43
Q

Cutaneous spp

A

Malassezia furfur epidermophyton spp microsporum spp trichophyton spp

44
Q

Zygomycosis aka mucormycosis thrives in what environment? Who are most at risk? Complication associated? An example of zygomycosis spp

A

High glucose, acidic environment Diabetics - complication diabetic acidosis Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor

45
Q

Characteristics of Fungi

Gram

Prok/Euk

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Capsule (if present)

Lab diagnosis

A

Gram: positive

Prok/Euk: Eukaryotic

Cell membrane: ergosterol

Cell wall: chitin

Capsule (if present): polysaccharide coating

Lab diagnosis: KOH preparation

46
Q

Fungal reproduction

Sexual mating define.

List 3 ways of repro. Describe each

A

Sexual repro in fungi: mating and formation of spores

  1. Zygospores: single, large spores with thick walls
  2. Ascospores: formed in a sac
  3. Basidiospores: formed on the tip of a pedestal
47
Q

Fungal Repro

Define asexual repro

Provide 4 ways of asexual repro

A

Asexual: budding and formation of conida (asexual spores)

  1. arthrospores- formed by fragmenation of the ends of hyphae
  2. chlamydospores- rounded thick walled and highly resistant
  3. Blastospores- formed by budding process
  4. sporangiospores- formed on a stalk within a sac (sporangium)
48
Q

Name 3 Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections. Descibe each

A
  1. Fungal infection : leads to a cell mediated immune response (type IV hypersensitivity) and granuloma formation
  2. Mycotoxicosis: induced by ingestion of fungal toxins
  3. Allergic response: type I hypersensitivity reactions to inhalation of fungal spores

NBDE 1 (9 decks)

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