Parasite 1

Question 1

Parasites

Answer 1

Live within an animal, derives nutrition and protection at the expense of the host animal.

Question 2

Rickettsiae

Answer 2

A. Intracellular – blood cells
B. Transmitted by blood sucking vectors
C. Anaplasmamarginale, Ehrlichiacanis

Question 3

Protozoa

Answer 3

A. One-celled organisms
B. Blood = hemoprotozoa
Feces = intestinal protozoa
C. Life cycles vary

Question 4

Giardia canis

Answer 4

intestinal protozoa

a. Trophozoite stage – capable of feeding and movement – form that lives within host
b. Cyst stage – incapable of movement. Usually passed in feces. This is the stagethat is acquired by another host
c. Found in contaminated water, hard to find on a fecal float. Direct smear with iodine or some others stain. Centrifugation, too.
d. Treatment: Metronidazole – Flagyl®

Question 5

Coccidia

Answer 5

intestinal protozoa

a. Oocyst – rigid walled cyst stage
b. Eimeria spp., Isosporaspp
c. Seen in pet stores, puppy mills, shelters. Overcrowded conditions
d. Can be fatal

Question 6

Babesiaspp

Answer 6

a. Hemoprotozoa

b. Seen on CBC differential smears

Question 7

Trematodes

Answer 7

A. Flukes – flatworms
B. Adults live in intestines, liver, lungs
C. Eggs found in feces. Large , oval, single operculum
D. Intermediate host – larval stage found in snails and fish
E. Nanophytessalmoncola – salmon poisoning in dogs
F. Fasciola hepatica – liver fluke in cattle
G. Paragonimuskellicott – lung fluke – cats and dogs

Question 8

Cestodes

Answer 8

A. Tapeworms – ribbon worms
B. Segments = proglottids; Head = scolex
C. Proglottids are egg packets, passed in feces. Can cause scooting/chewing
D. Intermediate hosts – larvae: arthropods, fish, and mammals
E. Dipylidium caninum – flea tapeworm of cats/dogs
F. Taenia pisiformis – Rabbit/rodent tapeworm
G. Rare in humans
H. When wormed, the tape is digested. Owners will not see them pass in stool

Question 9

Roundworms

Answer 9

B. Found in almost any tissue of the body
C. Complex lifecycles –
1. If adults live in the intestines or lungs, then the eggs/larvae will be seen in the feces.
2. If adults live in the kidney or bladder, then the eggs/larvae will be seen in the urine.

Question 10

Toxocaracanis;cati, Toxascarisleonina

Answer 10

2. Contracted from
   a. Environment
   b. In utero
   c. Transmammary
3. Pregnancy hormones stimulate encysted rounds to migrate from mother’s tissue to fetus.
4. Worm all puppies/kittens two weeks postpartum, then every 2-3 weeks for 3-4 treatments
5. Can see vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, gassy, distended abdomens, and seizures (if CNS involvement)

Question 11

Humans acarids

Answer 11

Humans:

a. Ocular larval migrans – larva travels to eye, may have to remove eye
b. Visceral larval migrans – larva travels to various organs, may cause organ failure

Question 12

Hookworms

Answer 12

1. Ancylostoma caninum (dogs), Uncinariastenocephala(dogs and cats)
2. Contracted through
   a. Ingestion from environment
   b. Transmammary
   c. Cutaneous larval migrans – larva penetrate through skin, can encyst. Humans, too. causes skin irritation = Creeping Eruptions
3. Listless, bloody diarrhea, anemia

Question 13

Whipworms

Answer 13

1. Trichuris vulpis – dogs
2. Ingestion from environment
3. Football shape egg, double operculum
4. Sporadic egg shedder
5. Blood/mucus in stool, more frequent bowel movements

Question 14

Nematodes in Blood

Answer 14

1. Heartworm
2. Dirofilariaimmitus
3. Mosquito vector

Question 15

Nematodes where diagnosis is of larvae, not eggs

Answer 15

1. Strongyloidesstercoralis
2. Aelurostrongylusabstrusus
3. Diagnosed by: Baerrmann technique

Question 16

Strongyloidesstercoralis

Answer 16

a. Thread worm of dog, cat

b. Ingested larvae, not eggs. Passes as larvae in feces

Question 17

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Answer 17

a. Lungworm in cats
b. Larvae with kink in tail
c. Panacur®, Ivermectin®