Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Question 1

Acanthosis Nigricans description

Answer 1

Hyperpigmented velvety plaques in axilla and neck

Question 2

Acanthosis Nigricans cancer association

Answer 2

Gastric adenocarcinoma and other visceral malignancies (but more commonly associated with obesity and insulin resistance)

Question 3

Sign of Leser-Trélat description

Answer 3

Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses

Question 4

Sign of Leser-Trélat cancer association

Answer 4

GI adenocarcinomas and other visceral malignancies

Question 5

Hypercalcemia (1) mechanism

Answer 5

PTHrP

Question 6

Hypercalcemia (1) cancer association

Answer 6

Squamous cell carcinomas of lung, head, and neck; renal, bladder, breast, and ovarian carcinomas

Question 7

Hypercalcemia (2) mechanism

Answer 7

1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol)

Question 8

Hypercalcemia (2) cancer association

Answer 8

Lymphoma

Question 9

Cushing syndrome mechanism

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

Cushing syndrome cancer association

Answer 10

Small cell lung cancer

Question 11

Hyponatremia (SIADH) mechanism

Answer 11

SIADH

Question 12

Hyponatremia (SIADH) cancer association

Answer 12

Small cell lung cancer

Question 13

Polycythemia mechanism

Answer 13

Erythropoietin

Question 14

Polycythemia cancer association

Answer 14

Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma, leiomyoma

Question 15

Pure red cell aplasia description

Answer 15

Anemia with low reticulocytes

Question 16

Pure red cell aplasia cancer association

Answer 16

Thymoma

Question 17

Good syndrome description

Answer 17

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 18

Good syndrome cancer association

Answer 18

Thymoma

Question 19

Trousseau syndrome description

Answer 19

Migratory super cial thrombophlebitis

Question 20

Trousseau syndrome cancer association

Answer 20

Adenocarcinomas, especially pancreatic

Question 21

Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic) endocarditis description

Answer 21

Deposition of sterile platelet thrombi on heart valves

Question 22

Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic) endocarditis cancer association

Answer 22

Adenocarcinomas, especially pancreatic

Question 23

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis description

Answer 23

Psychiatric disturbance, memory de cits, seizures, dyskinesias, autonomic instability, language dysfunction

Question 24

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis cancer association

Answer 24

Ovarian teratoma

Question 25

Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome description

Answer 25

“Dancing eyes, dancing feet”

Question 26

Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome cancer association

Answer 26

Neuroblastoma (children), small cell lung cancer (adults)

Question 27

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration description

Answer 27

Antibodies against Hu, Yo, and Tr antigens in Purkinje cells

Question 28

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration cancer association

Answer 28

Small cell lung cancer, gynecologic and breast cancers, and Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 29

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis description

Answer 29

Antibodies against Hu antigens in neurons

Question 30

Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis cancer association

Answer 30

Small cell lung cancer

Question 31

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome description

Answer 31

Antibodies against presynaptic (P/Q-type) Ca2+ channels at NMJ

Question 32

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome cancer association

Answer 32

Small cell lung cancer

Question 33

Myasthenia gravis description

Answer 33

Antibodies against postsynaptic AChR at NMJ

Question 34

Myasthenia gravis cancer association

Answer 34

Thymoma