Paramyxovirus

Question 1

Characteristics

Answer 1

ssRNA, - sense, enveloped

Replicates in the cytoplasm (exception- orthmyxovirus)

Question 2

Transmission

Answer 2

Respiratory droplets

Question 3

Vaccines

Answer 3

MMR (live-attenuated)- contraindicated for pregnancy

Question 4

Family

Answer 4

PaRaMyxovirus
Parainfluenza
Measles = Rubeola (not the same as Roseola aka HHV 6 OR Rubella)
Mumps
RSV

Question 5

Measles S&S

Answer 5

4 C’s: Cough, coryza (runny/ stuffy nose), conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots (small bluish/white spots on buccal mucosa) + fever (high)

1 day after these symptoms, tend to see maculopapular rash (starts on face and moves downwards- just like rubella- but rash here is confluent/ blend together)

Question 6

Complication of Measles

Answer 6

Pneumonia

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)-

Question 7

Virulence factors for Measles

Answer 7

Hemagglutinin (HA)- RBCs stick together

No Neuroaminidase (NA) in Measles

Fusion proteins: multinucleated giant cells (syncitia); aka Warthin-Finkleday cells (in lymphoid tissue)

+ Characteristic red inclusion bodies in cytoplasm

Question 8

Tx

Answer 8

Vitamin A- reduces complications (morbidity) and mortality

Question 9

Mumps S&S

Answer 9

Replicates in salivary glands (specifically parotid glands)

Can also cause orchitis (inflammation in testes- generally unilateral, but can be bilateral)

Meningitis: Mumps can affect CNS

Question 10

Mumps virulence factors

Answer 10

Hemagglutinin (HA)

Fusion protein

Neuroaminidase (NA)

Question 11

Vaccine

Answer 11

MMR (given to children)

Question 12

Respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) S&S

Answer 12

Seen in infants <6mo

Virus infects respiratory epithelium via attachment to G-protein

Most common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children

Question 13

RSV virulence factors

Answer 13

Fusion proteins

Question 14

Tx

Answer 14

Ribavirin

Question 15

Prevention

Answer 15

Palivizumab

Question 16

Parainfluenza S&S

Answer 16

Characterized by seal-like seal-bark cough (croup aka larygotracheal bronchitis); buzzword: inspiratory stridor

Steeple sign (narrowing of sub-glottic region)

Question 17

Parinfluenza virulence factors

Answer 17

Fusion protein, HA, and NA