Paramphistomum spp.

Question 1

What is the common name?

Answer 1

Rumen flukes, stomach flukes

Question 2

What is the family that in belongs to?

Answer 2

PAramphistomatidae

Question 3

What parasitic group does it belong to?

Answer 3

Trematodes

Question 4

Who are the final hosts?

Answer 4

cattle, sheep, goats, deer

Question 5

Who are intermediate hosts?

Answer 5

Snail

Question 6

What are the characteristics of adults?

Answer 6

1cm, conic in shape, pink in color (when alive), ventral sucker at the posterior end of body

Question 7

What are the characteristics of egg?

Answer 7

130-180 micrometers with operculum, less yellow in color

Question 8

What is the life cycle?

Answer 8

Adults in rumen -> eggs in feces -> Miracida hatch from embryonated egg - penetrate snail -> develop to cercaridae -> encysts as metacercaria on aquatic vegetation -> herbivores ingest IH -> migrate through intestinal wall -> immature stages in duodenum for 6 weeks -> rumen to become adults (development in entire alimentary tract)

Question 9

Where is the site of infection?

Answer 9

Rumen

Question 10

What is the PPP?

Answer 10

7-10 weeks (2-3 months)

Question 11

Is it zoonotic?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What are some clinical signs?

Answer 12

Adults: well tolerated
Larvae (in a large number): enteritis, diarrhea, anorexia, hemorrhage, depression, dehydration, anemia, bottle jaw, secondary infection with clostridum spp.

Question 13

What is the diagnosis?

Answer 13

Clinical signs in young animals with a history of grazing around snail habitats, eggs not found in feces due to the acute disease during PPP.

Question 14

What is treatment & prevention?

Answer 14

Cattle & sheep: Resorantel & Oxyclozanide effective against both mature & immature stages, snail control & management