paramocokinetics II - druge elmination

Question 1

define bio transformation

Answer 1

chemical changes that take place in the drug following administration
altered version of OG compound

Question 2

excretion

Answer 2

active from is excreted via the kidneys
slow, not effective

Question 3

what are 2 ways for elimination

Answer 3

biotransformation and excretion

Question 4

responsible organ for biotrasnformation

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

4 ways of biotransformation

Answer 5

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation

Question 6

phase 1 reactions

Answer 6

oxidation , reduction, hydrolysis

Question 7

phase 2 reactions

Answer 7

conjugation

Question 8

enzyme induction

Answer 8

prolonged administration of therapeutic drugs and othe substances may enhance the livers ability to metabolize certain drugs thus decreasing their therapeutic effect

Question 9

drugs and their metabolites are excreted from the body primarily by

Answer 9

kidneys a

Question 10

define tolerance

Answer 10

the need for increase drug dosages to produce the same effect

Question 11

what is the functional unit in drug excretion

Answer 11

nephron

Question 12

what is the key site for drug excretion

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

oxidation occurs when either

Answer 13

oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from the OG compound

Question 14

most drugs are metabolized but ——- to the surge molecule and the enzymes that catalyze these reactions are typically located at the —— of specific cells

Answer 14

adding an oxygen or removing a hydrogen; smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

polar metabolite can be excreted through

Answer 15

the urine

Question 16

where is the primary location for drug metabolism

Answer 16

the liver

Question 17

how many nephrons is in the kidneys

Answer 17

1 million

Question 18

drug elimination rates

Answer 18

helps to determine the amount and frequency of its dosage
how long, how fast

Question 19

if drug administrated is faster than eliminated than..

Answer 19

excessive accunicaltion

Question 20

if elimination is faster than administration

Answer 20

it does not reach therapeutic levels

Question 21

define clearance

Answer 21

terms of all organs and tissues ability to eliminate the druge or in terms of a single organ or tissues ability to eliminate the drug

Question 22

define half life

Answer 22

as the amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated