paramocokinetics II - druge elmination Flashcards
define bio transformation
chemical changes that take place in the drug following administration
altered version of OG compound
excretion
active from is excreted via the kidneys
slow, not effective
what are 2 ways for elimination
biotransformation and excretion
responsible organ for biotrasnformation
liver
4 ways of biotransformation
oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation
phase 1 reactions
oxidation , reduction, hydrolysis
phase 2 reactions
conjugation
enzyme induction
prolonged administration of therapeutic drugs and othe substances may enhance the livers ability to metabolize certain drugs thus decreasing their therapeutic effect
drugs and their metabolites are excreted from the body primarily by
kidneys a
define tolerance
the need for increase drug dosages to produce the same effect
what is the functional unit in drug excretion
nephron
what is the key site for drug excretion
kidneys
oxidation occurs when either
oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed from the OG compound
most drugs are metabolized but ——- to the surge molecule and the enzymes that catalyze these reactions are typically located at the —— of specific cells
adding an oxygen or removing a hydrogen; smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum
polar metabolite can be excreted through
the urine
where is the primary location for drug metabolism
the liver
how many nephrons is in the kidneys
1 million
drug elimination rates
helps to determine the amount and frequency of its dosage
how long, how fast
if drug administrated is faster than eliminated than..
excessive accunicaltion
if elimination is faster than administration
it does not reach therapeutic levels
define clearance
terms of all organs and tissues ability to eliminate the druge or in terms of a single organ or tissues ability to eliminate the drug
define half life
as the amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated
