basic principles of pharmacology Flashcards
define pharmacology
study of drugs
what do we need to know as a pt?
the purpose, the adverse effect, and the pharmocotherapeutic
what are the 3 m’s inPT
movement, modalities, and manual
define pharmacotherapeutics
the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat and diagnose a disease
define pharmacokinetics
study of how the body absorbs, distributes , and eliminates the drug
define pharamacodynamics
the analysis of what the drug does to the body , including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect
define toxicology
study of the harmful effects of chemicals
define pharmocogenetics
deals with the genetic basis for drug response
Why a generic drug might be prescribed
should be safe and effective as the OG
undergo testing for bio equivalence
less expensive
the generic name (aka official or nonproprietary name)
tends to be shorter
is often derived from the chemical name
drugs approval process: phase I purpose
determine effects, safe dosage pharmacokinetics
phase I - subjects
small number , less than 100 health volunteers
Phase II- purpose
assess drugs effectiveness in treating a specific disease/disorder
phase II- subjects
limited number of pt 200-300 with targeted disease
PHASE III- purpose
-assess safety and effectiveness in treating larger patient populations
phase III- subjects
larage number of pt 1000-3000 with targets disease
drugs are initially tested in
animals
what happens after the 3rd phase of approval
the 4th phase ; all the methods used to continue monitoring the drugs safety
define orphan drugs
for relatively small populations (<200k ppl) with a rare disease
define off label prescribing
the use of a drug to treat conditions other than those that the drug was OG approved to treat
it is legal and common in US
will insurance companies reimburse off label prescribing?
maybe
Define over the corner medications
used for mini or problems
chances of toxic effects are small
less expensive
when was federal legislation enacted to help control the abuse of legal and illegal drugs?
1970
when was the controlled substances act placed?
1970
basic concepts in drug therapy
change 1 or more functions in a living organism
the restore normal physiological function
prevent a disease process from occurring
what does the dose- response curve provide/
information about the dosage range over which drug is effective and peak response
what is the ceiling effect or maximal effect?
the point at which there is no further increase in the response
what is the presence of the plateau associated with
maximal efficacy
define potency
is the dose is smaller but produces the same outcome as the higher doge than you would say the lower doge is more potent
the quanta dose response curves ..
is the percentage of the population that exhibits a specific response as the dosage increases
median effective dose
this is the dose at which 50% of the population responds to the drug in a specified manner
mexican toxic dose (TD50)
the dose at which 50%of the group exhibits the adverse effect
median lethal dose (LD 50)
the dose that causes death in 50% of animals
the therapeutic index
indication of drugs safety
the greater the TI the safer
a larger TI indicates…
that is takes a much larger dose to evoke a toxic response than it does to cause deneficial effect
