Paramedic State Test 2023 pt 5 Flashcards
What is afterload
Resistance the left heart overcomes during contraction
What is an aneurysm?
A weakening in the wall of an artery
What is ascites?
Edema in the abdomen
What is cardiac hypertrophy?
Enlargement of the heart
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by left ventricle in one minute
SV x HR
SV= Stroke volume
What is a chronotrope?
Rate of cardiac contraction
What is a dromotrope?
Speed of cardiac contraction velocity
What is endocarditis?
An infection of the endocardium, usually involving the heart valves
What is ejection fraction?
Percentage of blood ejected from a filled ventricle
What is failure to capture?
Ventricles fail to respond to an impulse
How will fialure to capture look on an ECG?
The pacemaker spike will appear, but will not be followed by QRS complex
What is failure to sense?
Pacemaker malfunction that occurs when the pacemaker does not detect the patients myocardial depolarization
How owuld failure to sense appear on an ECG tracing?
A spike following a QRS complex too early
What is an inotrope?
Force of cardiac contraction
What is orthopenea?
Difficulty breathing while supine
What is paroxysmal noctural dyspnea?
Acute onset of difficulty breathing at night, usually while sleeping
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium
What is preload?
Volume of fluid returning to the right heart
What is prinzmetal’s angina?
Variable angina caused by coronary artery spasms
What is starling’s law?
The more the heart is stretched (within limits), the greater the resulting force of contraction
What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle during one contraction
What are the risk factors for heart disease
Smoking
Hypertension
Age (risk increases with age)
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Heredity
Gender (increased risk for males)
Substance abuse
Lack of exercise
Oral contraceptives
Stress
